Know Cliff – Page 3 – Education for All

NOTES: NEW OXFORD SOCIAL STUDIES 4 (REVISED EDITION) FOR PAKISTAN NICHOLAS HORSBURGH

NOTES: NEW OXFORD SOCIAL STUDIES 4 (REVISED EDITION) FOR PAKISTAN NICHOLAS HORSBURGH

LESSON: 01 THE EARTH in SPACE Page: 3

Q. No. 1 Describe the shape of the Earth? What is this shape called?

ANS: The Earth has a round shape like a ball. It is called a sphere.

Q. No.2 Explain the difference between rotation and revolution.

ANS: Rotation is the spinning of the Earth on its axis. The Earth’s movement around the Sun is called revolution.

Q. No.3 How are the seasons caused?

ANS: Seasons are caused by the Earth’s revolution round the Sun and the tilt (the direction in which it leans; inclination) of its axis.

Q. No.4 Where on the Earth’s surface is the Sun hottest throughout the year?

ANS: Places that are close to the equator are hot throughout the year.

Q. No.5 Explain what is meant by the terms solstice and equinox.

ANS: Solstice: Each of the two times in the year at midsummer and midwinter, when the Sun reaches the highest and lowest points in the sky, marked by the longest and shortest days on 21 June and 21 December. Equinox: The two times in the year when day and night are of equal length, on 21 March and 22 September.

Work Page A

Match the following words with their meanings.

1 astronaut:

2 revolution:

3 orbit:

4 axis:

5 equator:

6 hemisphere:

7 equinox:

a person trained to travel in a spacecraft

when day and night are of equal length

the path of a planet

half of a sphere i.e. the Earth

an imaginary line through the centre of the Earth

moving or circling around another object

an imaginary line round the middle of the Earth

answers:

1 astronaut: a person trained to travel in a spacecraft

2 revolution: moving or circling around another object

3 orbit: the path of a planet

4 axis: an imaginary line through the centre of the Earth

5 equator: an imaginary line round the middle of the Earth

6 hemisphere: half of a sphere i.e. the Earth

7 equinox: when day and night are of equal length

B: WRITE THESE WORDS IN THE CORRECT SPACES ON THE DIAGRAM:

(ON BOOK)

L: 02 CLIMATE P:7

Q. No.1 What is the importance of climate for a region?

ANS: Climate is an important factor. It has a great effect on: -people’s lives, -plants, -crops, and -on the land in an area.

Q. No.2 Look at the climate map of Pakistan: which part of the country is warmer?

ANS: The south of the country is warmer.

Q. No.3 Explain how the height of a place affects its climate.

ANS: The higher a place is, the colder the atmosphere (air) becomes.

Q. No.4 What can happen to the climate in places where forests have been cut down?

ANS: The climate of such places becomes dry because rainfall decreases.

Q. No.5 Why, do you think, is rainfall such an important factor for climate?

ANS:Rainfall is an important factor as it encourages plant growth and, secondly, it cools and balances the temperature.

Q. No. 6 What effect does closeness to the sea have on the climate of a place?

ANS: Places close to the sea have the advantage of cool sea breezes blowing over the land and cooling it, thus dropping the temperature considerably.

Work Page:

Put a tick against TRUE statements and a cross against the FALSE ones.

High areas are usually hot.

Cool breezes blow from the sea towards the Land.

Deserts are very dry pieces.

Forests do not receive much rainfall.

Paces close to the sea are always very hot.

Pakistan has a very wet climate.

1 Cross 2 Tick 3 Tick 4 Cross 5 Cross 6 Cross

1 All three types at different times of the year.

L: 03 OUR COUNTRY P:10-11

Q. No.1 Name the countries that share a border with Pakistan.

ANS: Iran in the west, Afghanistan in the north-west, China in the north-east, and India to the east.

Q. No.2 Which sea lies to the south of Pakistan?

ANS: The Arabian Sea.

Q. No.3 Find out the names of the main deserts in Pakistan.

ANS: Main deserts of Pakistan: Cholistan Desert, Kharan Desert (in Balochistan), Thal Desert, and Thar Desert.

Q. No.4 Where do the tributaries of the River Indus join it?

ANS:River Indus, which starts in the Himalayas, is joined by the Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi and Sutlej rivers at Panjnad in southern Punjab.

Q. No.5 Where does the River Indus enter the sea?

ANS: South of Karachi.

COMPLETE YOUR FACT FILE ON PAKISTAN BY ADDING THE NAMES OF THE PROVINCES AND PROVINCIAL CAPITALS.

1- PROVINCE Sindh, CAPITAL Karachi

2- PROVINCE Punjab, CAPITAL Lahore

3- PROVINCE Balochistan, CAPITAL Quetta

4- PROVINCE Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, CAPITAL Peshawar

5- PROVINCE Gilgit–Baltistan, CAPITAL Gilgit

B: LOOK AT A LARGE MAP OF THE WORLD. WRITE DOWN THE NAMES OF:

FIVE COUNTRIES LARGER THAN PAKISTAN

1 China

2 Kazakhstan

3 Russia

4 Mongolia

5 Saudi Arabia (India / Iran)

FIVE COUNTRIES SMALLER THAN PAKISTAN

1 Afghanistan

2 Uzbekistan

3 Tajikistan

4 Bangladesh

5 Sri Lanka /Nepal

L: 04 THE WESTREN HIGHLANDS P;14-15

Q. No.1 In which provinces will you find the Western Highlands?

ANS: In all the four provinces of Pakistan—Sindh, Balochistan, the Punjab, and the NWFP, and in the Gilgit- Baltistan territory.

Q. No.2 Which is the highest peak in Pakistan? How high is it and where is it Located?

ANS: K2 or Mount Godwin Austen, at 8611 metres above sea level, is the highest mountain in Pakistan. It is the second highest peak in the world.

Q. No.3 Where is Islamabad situated?

ANS: The Potohar Plateau.

Q. No.4 Why are the mountain passes important?

ANS:These are important because to cross the mountain ranges and reach another place, people have to go through these passes. These passes, especially the Khyber Pass, also have historic value.

Q. No.5 Name the main passes found in Pakistan?

ANS: Karakoram Pass, Khunjerab Pass, Lawarai Pass, Khyber Pass, Khojak Pass, Bolan Pass.

A:WRITE THE FOLLOWING NAMES IN THE CORRECT PLACES ON THE MAP.USE AN ATLAS TO HELP YOU.

(ON BOOK)

Work page B

Look up these words in dictionary and write down their meaning:

1 A glacier is a mass of ice and snow that slowly moves down mountain slopes. It can be called a frozen river.

2 A pass is a natural route through mountains to transport people and goods.

3 A low area between hills or mountains, typically with a river or stream flowing through it.

4 An area of fairly level high ground.

L: 05 RIVER INDUS & ITS PLAINS P:17-18

Q. No.1 Where does the River Indus start?

ANS: High up in the Himalaya Mountains, from a lake called Mansorawar.

Q. No.2 How are some areas of the country supplied with water?

ANS: Canals carry the river water to many places.

Q. No.3 Describe the course of the River Indus from its source as far as Kalabagh.

ANS: The River Indus starts high up in the Himalaya Mountains near a lake called Mansorawar. From here it flows west through a deep valley between the Himalayas and the Karakoram range, until it reaches Pakistan. It is joined by many streams and rivers such as the Gilgit and the Hunza. It begins its long journey south through Pakistan and then turns south at a point about 200 kilometres north of Islamabad. It winds downhill, twisting and turning, till it reaches the Potohar Plateau. From here it continues into the Punjab plain to a place called Kalabagh.

Q. No.4 How does the River Indus change when it reaches the plains?

ANS:By the time it reaches the plains, the river spreads out into a much broader channel, about 16 kilometres wide. Its course becomes much straighter as it flows through the plains.

Q. No.5 In which parts of Pakistan do you find deserts? Why?

ANS:The deserts are on eastern and south-eastern border of Pakistan, where the plains are not drained by any river.

A: LOOK AT AN ATLAS AND FIND OUT THE NAMES OF RIVERS THAT FLOW IN PAKISTAN . LABELTHE RIVERS ON THE MAP.

(ON BOOK)

B Find out what these words mean:

B1: 1 A delta is a triangular alluvial tract of land at the mouth of a river.

2 A basin is a bowl-shaped tract of land drained by a river and its tributaries.

3 A tributary is a branch of a large river, which joins in from a different direction.

4 A gorge is a steep, narrow valley or ravine.

B 2: In Pakistan, these physical features can be found as follows: Delta: Sindh Basin: Punjab Tributary: Punjab, the KPK (River Kabul) Gorge: the Indus gorge (Northern Areas)

L: 06 THE SOIL &AGRICULTURE P:22-23

Q. No.1 In which parts of Pakistan is it difficult to grow crops? Why is that so?

ANS:In Balochistan, in some parts of Sindh and the NWFP, and in the deserts, because there is very little water.

Q. No.2 What is alluvial soil and where is it found?

ANS: The most fertile soil is called alluvial soil. It is found in the plains, around the great rivers. When rivers flood and overflow their banks, they deposit good soil on the land. This is alluvial soil.

Q. No.3 Pakistan is an agricultural country. What are the requirements for successful agriculture?

ANS: For successful agriculture, rich and fertile soil and lots of water is needed.

Q. No.4 Why is livestock farming important for Pakistan?

ANS: Livestock farming provides us with meat and milk. Animals are also used to pull ploughs and carts, turn waterwheels and for other farm work. Poultry farms provide us with fresh eggs and chicken for meat.

Q. No.5 Explain how forests affect agriculture.

ANS: Trees have long roots that hold the particles of soil together, and slow down the process of erosion. Thus control of erosion leads to better soil being available for farmers to plant crops.

Work page: C:

FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1.———————–are used by farmers to make their crops grow well.

2. The most fertile soil is called—————————–

3.Animals that work on farms include————————,————————– and ———————–

C 1 Fertilizers 2 alluvial 3 cows, buffaloes, oxen, and even camels and donkeys

L: 07 FORESTS P: 26-27

Q. No.1 What kinds of forests are found in the mountain areas?

ANS: Silver fir, juniper, and birch.

Q. No.2 Explain why trees do not grow very tall higher up in the mountains.

ANS: Due to the very cold climate above a height of 4000 metres, trees do not grow very tall.

Q. No.3 Describe the ways in which the neem tree is useful.

ANS: It gives out a lot of oxygen and is also used to make medicines.

Q. No.4 In which areas of Pakistan are thorn or rakh and mangrove forests found?

ANS: In the western part of Balochistan and over most of Punjab and Sindh, there are thorny hardwood trees such as acacia and tamarisk.

Q. No.5 List the reasons why forests are important.

ANS:Forests are important because trees give us wood and bark, shade, attract rain, give us flowers, fruits and nuts; they are home to birds and small animals like squirrels; their roots protect the soil.

WORK PAGE:

A:COMPLETE THESE FACT SHEETS ABOUT THE FORESTS OF PAKISTAN.

(ON BOOK)

B:FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1 Wood from the ————————tree is used to make ploughs.

2 Forests planted by man are called ————————————-

3 Wood from the babul is used to make——— ___ and ———-

B 1 Babul 2 Plantations 3 Wheels and oil presses and ploughs

L: 08 WATER &ITS USES P:30

Q. No.1 Write about five different uses of fresh water.

ANS: Five uses of fresh water: drinking, cooking, bathing, washing clothes and utensils, gardening, growing crops.

Q. No.2 What are the sources of fresh water in Pakistan?

ANS: Rain, snow, glaciers, rivers, lakes.

Q. No.3 Why are certain projects called multi-purpose projects?

ANS: They are able to have several uses at the same time, such as dams.

Q. No.4 Explain the difference between a well and a tube well.

ANS: Wells are really large holes dug in the ground to store water. A tube well is made by digging very deep wells in the ground. A tube or casing is put into the hole. Water from many hundreds of metres below the surface is pumped up by electric or diesel pumps.

Q. No.5 Name some of the ways in which water is stored.

ANS: Water is stored in dams, reservoirs and tanks.

Work page A

Look in a dictionary or encyclopedia and find out more about these things:

1 A place where water is stored, especially an artificial lake.

2 A slowly moving mass of ice formed when snow piles up and is compacted on mountains or near the poles.

3 A dam is a wall built to hold water back

4 An artificial barrier across a river, a dam

5 Something that can be used, an asset

6 An artificial waterway allowing the passage of boats inland or carrying water for irrigation

B:LABEL THE DIAGRAM:

(ON BOOK)

L:9 POWER, MINERALS&INDUSTRIES P:36-37

Q. No.1 How would you describe an industrial country?

ANS: A country that uses its own power and natural resources to manufacture various products is industrialized.

Q. No.2 From where does Pakistan obtain raw materials for its industries?

ANS:From the land, seas, and oceans. Pakistan also imports from other countries those raw materials for its industries which are not available locally.

Q. No.3 Name the essential requirements for industry.

ANS:The essential requirements for developing industries are funds, power, water, raw materials, machines, and workers.

Q. No.4 Why is water important for industry?

ANS:Water is important for setting up industries as it is used during some part of the production process.

Q. No.5 What kinds of power or energy are used in Pakistan?

ANS:Electrical power, nuclear or atomic power, solar power, gas, and sometimes, mainly biogas.

LOOK UP AND WRITE THE DEFINITION OF THESE THINGS:

HYDROELECTRICITY: electricity produced by water power

TURBINE: a machine or motor driven by a flow of water, stream, or gas

GENERATOR: a machine for converting mechanical energy into electricity

L: 10 TRANSPORT P:41

Q. No.1Why do you think roads are the most important part of the communications network in Pakistan?

ANS: a) They link all our villages, towns, and cities. b) They connect all the markets. Producers and consumers reach the collection and distribution centres.

Q. No.2 Why do more people travel by road within the country than by air or train?

ANS: More people travel by road because it is cheaper than flying, faster than railways, and roads reach almost all remote corners of the country.

Q. No.3 Who were the first men to fly an aeroplane?

ANS: They were the two brothers, Wilbur and Orville Wright in 1903.

Q. No.4 Make a list of the international airports in Pakistan.

ANS: Islamabad, Karachi, Lahore, Quetta, Peshawar, Multan

Q. No.5 Which are the major ports in Pakistan?

ANS: Keamari and Port Mohammed Bin Qasim in Karachi, and a third port being built at Gwadar, Balochistan.

WORK PAGE:

B: FILL IN THE BLANKS:

1 Roads are an important part of our transport

2 The first trains were pulled by ————————————- ———–engines.

3 The first aeroplane was flown in the year ———————————————–

4 Pakistan has ——————————————————kilometres of roads.

5 The Makran Coastal Highway links ——————————to————————

Ans: B-1 network 2 steam 3 1903 4 248,000 5 Karachi, Gwadar

L: 11 COMMUNICATION P:45

Q. No.1 Explain what communication means?

ANS: COMMUNICATION: It means keeping in touch with someone through speech or writing.

Q. No.2 What are the main means of communication in our country?

ANS: MEANS OF COMMUNICATION: -letter – radio – telephone -the television – the newspaper – fax -email

Q. No.3 How can we send money through the post office?

ANS: We can send money through the post office by sending a money order.

Q. No.4 Why do some people prefer television and radio to newspapers?

ANS: If a person cannot read a newspaper he prefers television and radio. For watching news a person prefer television and radio.

WORK PAGE:-

A: Guess the correct means of communication:

1———————————————————————-

You can hear the voice.
You can see the picture.

It is used for entertainment, education, and news programmes.

2——————————————————————-

You can hear the voice.
You can see the picture.

It is used for entertainment, education, and news programmes.

3——————————————————————-

You can send money.
You can send parcels.
You can send Letters.

4——————————————————————-

You can hear the voice.

You can speak to the other person.
You can talk to someone miles away.

ANS: A 1 Television 2 The post office 3 The telephone

L: 12 THE GOVERNMENT P:49

Q. No.1 What does the word democracy mean?

ANS: DEMOCRACY: It is a Greek word. It means “People’s rule”.

Q. No.2 How do we elect people to run the country?

ANS: After every five years, we elect people through elections. These people run the country.

Q. No.3 Who are the people in charge of the provincial governments?

ANS:Chief minister and ministers are the people in charge of the provincial governments.

Q. No.4 What are some of the things a government has to decide?

ANS: How much tax to put on peopleTo make lawsTo build new roads, hospital, schools etc.To make future plans for county

Q. No.5 Can you name some of Pakistan’s political parties and their leaders?

ANS: PML-Nawaz Sharif PPP-Asif Ali PTI-Imran Khan

WORK PAGE:-

B: FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1 The ————————————-ensures that the provincial government follows the constitution.

2 The seat of the federal government is in————————————————

3 The —————————represents the country abroad as the head of state.

4 laws are debated in the———————————

5 Everyone over the age of ————————————————can vote.

ANS: B 1 governor 2 Islamabad 3 president 4 National Assembly 5 18

L: 13 THE LAW P:52

Q. No.1 Explain why it is important to have laws in a country.

ANS: If there were no laws, there would be no order in society; things would not run smoothly; there would be no justice.

Q. No.2 How does the police help in upholding the law?

ANS: The police help by arresting/penalizing the law breakers, and by providing a deterrent to people.

Q. No.3 What happens to people who are caught breaking the law?

ANS: They are arrested by the police and charged with a crime, and taken to a court of law where the judge or magistrate sees that justice is done and the guilty person is punished.

Q. No.4 Name the different courts we have in Pakistan. Which is the highest court in the land?

ANS: The Sessions Court, the High Court and the Supreme Court which is the highest court in Pakistan.

Q. No.5 Describe the process by which a judge decides a case.

Ans: When someone is charged with a crime, he is taken to court. A lawyer will tell the judge about the crime. Another lawyer (a defence lawyer) will defend. Witnesses to the crime may also be called. Then he gives his decision.

B: WRITE WHAT EACH OF THESE WORDS MEANS:

Prosecute———————————————————-

Lawyer————————————————————–

Magistrate———————————————————-

jury ——————————————————————

evidence———————————————————–

witness————————————————————-

ANS: B 1 To officially accuse a person of a crime. 2 A person, who belongs to the legal profession, and who handles people’s cases, when they are prosecuted for a criminal offence. 3 A magistrate is the one who decides cases in the lower courts. 4 A jury is a group of people who decide if a person is innocent or guilty. 5 Statements made or objects produced in a law court to prove something. 6 A person who has seen a crime being committed.

L: 14 PEOPLE AND WORK P:56

Q. No.1 How does the government find out about the people living in Pakistan?

ANS: By conducting a census of the population.

Q. No.2 Why do we need to know the details about the country’s population?

ANS: We need to know the details of a country’s population so that the government can plan and decide many things.

Q. No.3 What is the importance of education and training for the people?

ANS: Education and training help people get jobs that pay well.

Q. No.4 Why is it wrong to judge people by the type of work they do?

ANS: Every job has its value.

Q. No.5 How does the government help the people?

ANS: It provides public services to its people like schools, colleges, hospitals, clinics, banks, etc. It also builds buildings, canals, roads, and bridges.

WORK PAGE:-

A: PUT A TICK ? AGAINST THE CORRECT STATEMENTS AND A CROSS X AGAINST THE FALSE ONES.

1 There are about 110 million people in Pakistan.

2 Information about people is collected during a census.
3 Most of the people in Pakistan live in cities.

4 Some people in the country have no work to do.
5 Every job has a value.

ANS: A 1 Cross 2 Tick 3 Cross 4 Tick 5 Tick

B: COMPLETE THIS WORD PUZZLE. ALL THE WORDS ARE NAMES OF PROFESSIONS.

1-Makes things from wood———————————-

2- Paints pictures ———————————————-

3-Helps the sick to get better——————————

4-Cooks in a restaurant ————————————–

5-looks after people’s teeth———————————

6-Delivers letters ———————————————-

7-Deals with cash in a bank———————————

8-Flies planes ————————————————-

9-Acts————————————————————-

10-Paints houses (or pictures!)—————————-

11-Works in a hospital—————————————-

ANS: B -1 Carpenter 2 Artist 3 Doctor 4 Chef 5 Dentist 6 Postman 7 Cashier 8 Pilot 9 Actor 10 Painter 11 Nurse

L: 15 OUR PAST P:60

Q. No.1 In what ways have we learnt about the early civilizations in the subcontinent?

ANS: We have learnt about the past through archaeology;by digging up the sites where these civilizations were thought to have flourished;by finding pieces of pottery, ornaments, jewels, clay figures, and seals, some of which had inscriptions and symbols on them.

Q. No.2 What does Mohenjo Daro mean? Where is it located?

ANS: Mohenjo Daro means ‘mound of the dead’ in the Sindhi language. It is located in Sindh, near Larkana.

Q. No.3 How do we know that the Indus Valley Civilization was advanced for its time?

ANS: The Indus Valley Civilization was advanced for its time because they used wheels, made pots and other vessels, made things out of metals such as copper. They also made cloth which they traded with Mesopotamia.

Q. No.4 Who were the Aryans? How did they affect the subcontinent?

ANS: The Aryans were a large tribe from Central Asia who settled in the subcontinent around 1500 BC. They brought a new language, Sanskrit, and new culture with them. They also brought a religion, Hinduism.

Q. No.5 Describe how learning progressed in ancient India. Give some examples.

ANS: Taxila had a big university where many Buddhist scholars came to study besides other people. The Mauryas and Guptas promoted learning. Harsha, the ruler of the Nanda dynasty, set up the Nalanda University,Famous mathematician Aryabhata invented the concept of zero.

WORK PAGE:-

B: SAY WHETHER THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES ARE TRUE (T) OR FALSE (F).

1 The Indus Valley Civilization flourished in about 26008C.

2 The people of Mohenjo Daro traded goods with England.

3 The Aryans were a tribe from Africa.

4 The culture of Gandhara and Taxila was influenced by the Greeks.
5 Asoka became a Buddhist after the battle of Kalinga.

6 Nalanda University was set up by the Kushans.

ANS: B 1 True 2 False 3 False 4 True 5 True 6 False

C: WRITE A SENTENCE EXPLAINING WHAT EACH OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS MEANS:

Archaeology————————————————

Inscription—————————————————-

dynasty ——————————————————-

ANS: C 1 Archaeology is the study of the remains of ancient civilizations. 2 Inscriptions are the words written or carved on a monument, coin, stone, etc. 3 A dynasty is the succession of rulers from the same family.

L: 16 MUSLIM RULE IN SUBCONTINENT P:65

Q. No.1 Why was Mohammad bin Qasim sent to Sindh?

ANS: He was sent to Sindh to deal with Raja Dahir, who had been unable to control the pirates who had captured ships carrying goods for the rulers of Iraq, and Muslim pilgrims to Makka.

Q. No.2 What did the Arabs learn from the Indians?

ANS: They learned how to write digital numerals and the concept of zero.

Q. No.3 Describe how the Delhi Sultanate came into being?

ANS: The Afghan ruler of Ghor, Mohammad Ghori conquered all of north India up to Bengal in 1192. He made Delhi the capital of his kingdom. Ghori was followed by a long line of Muslim rulers. The first of these was his general, Qutbuddin Aibak, who formed the Delhi Sultanate in 1206.

Q. No.4 Why is Balban considered to have been an effective ruler?

ANS:Balban was an effective ruler because he was a capable general who saved the subcontinent from the attacks of the Mongols. He built strong forts along the routes and stationed his troops there to stop the Mongols from advancing.

Q. No.5 Who do you think was the most successful Mughal ruler? Why?

ANS: Akbar was probably the greatest of all the Mughal kings. He ruled capably from 1556 to 1605. He expanded the empire and was known to be a brilliant general who never lost a battle.

Q. No.6 What did the Mughals do for the subcontinent?

ANS: The Mughal kings united many states into a large empire. They set up a proper system of government and administration. They introduced a marvelous culture to the region. Many great buildings were constructed and literature, poetry, art, and music flourished.

L: 17 RELIGION & LANGUAGES P:69

Q. No.1 Explain in your own words, what is meant by ‘culture.’

ANS: Culture: It is the way that people – live -dress -speak

Q. No.2 What are some of the things which make up the ‘culture’ of a country?

ANS: -RELIGION – LANGUAGE – THE ART (literature, music, dance, painting, sculpture, poetry) -SCIENCES -TRADITIONS -CUSTOMS

Q. No.3 In which book would you find the teachings of Jesus Christ?

ANS: We find the teachings of Jesus Christ in BIBLE.

Q. No.4 What is a gurdwara?

ANS: GURDWARA is a place of worship in SIKH religion.

WORK PAGE:-

A: COMPLETE THE WORD PUZZLE.

1 The official language of Pakistan

2 A language taught in big towns and cities
3 The religion of 96 percent Pakistanis

4 Hindus worship here

5 Muslims pray here

6 Christians’ place of worship
7 The holy book of the Parsees

ANS: A 1 URDU 2 ENGLISH 3 Parsees 4 Balochi 5 dialect 6 CHURCH 7 AVESTA

B: FILL IN THE BLANKS.

1 The sacred book of the Muslims is called the —————————————-

2 Sikhism was preached by——————————————————————

3——————————————————–follow the teachings of Zoroaster.

4 The main language of Baluchistan is—————————————————–

5 Thari is a ———————————————–spoken by the people of eastern Sindh.

6 The————————————–contains the teachings of Jesus Christ.

ANS: B-1 Quran Shareef 2 Guru Nanak 3 ISLAM 4 TEMPLE 5 MOSQUE 6 Bible

L: 18 THE ARTS P:74

Q. No.1 When and where are dances performed?

ANS: Dances are performed to express joy on a special occasion such as harvest time, a festival or a wedding.

Q. No.2 Can you name some types of dances performed in Pakistan?

ANS: The LUDDI and the BHANGRA.

Q. No.3 Which art form is typical of Pakistan? Where can it be seen?

ANS: Truck art is typical of Pakistan. It can be seen on most trucks and buses.

Q. No.4 Music programmes are popular on television. Who is your favourite singer? Why?

ANS:

WORK PAGE:-

A: Match the NAMES with their PROFESSIONS.

Nusrat Fateh Ali	writer
Ahmed Faraz	artist
Gulgee	poet
Sadequain	artist
Ashfaque Ahmed	dancer
Sheema Kirmani	qawwali singer

ANS: A Nusrat Fateh Ali: qawwali singer Ahmed Faraz: poet Gulgee-artist Sadequain-artist Ashfaque Ahmed-writer Sheema Kirmani- dancer

L: 19 FOOD, FESTIVALS & GAMES P:78

Q. No.1 How many spices can you name?

ANS:

Q. No.2 What are the staple foods of Pakistan?

ANS: Chapatis, naan, and rice; daal, beans, vegetables, andmeat, poultry, and fish dishes.

Q. No.3 What is your favourite food? Where does it come from?

ANS:

Q. No.4 Write a few lines about some of the festivals celebrated in Pakistan?

ANS:

Q. No.5 What is your favourite sport? Name some well-known players.

ANS:

L: 20 ANIMAL RIGHTS P:82

Q. No.1 Why should people be kind to animals?

ANS: People should be kind to animals as they cannot speak and complain when they are tired, hungry, or sad.

Q. No.2 What are the rights of animals?

ANS: They have a right to food, shelter, and love.

Q. No.3 How can you help animals?

ANS: By being kind to them.

Q. No.4 Do you have a pet? Write a few lines about it. Draw a picture of your pet.

ANS:

Notes/ solved Exercises: OXFORD KEYBOARD COMPUTER SCIENCE WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR CLASS / BOOK 4 Third EDITION

Notes/ solved Exercises: OXFORD KEYBOARD COMUTER SCIENCE WITH APPLICATION SOFTWARE FOR CLASS / BOOK 4 Third EDITION

Contents

1. USES OF COMPUTERS 1

Computers in Different Areas

2. INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICES 9

Input Devices

Output Devices

3. MORE ABOUT WINDOWS 7 17

Desktop

Wallpaper and Screen Saver

Windows Explorer

Copying and Moving a File or Folder

Deleting a File or Folder

Gadgets

Worksheet 32

4. MORE ABOUT TUX PAINT 34

Stamp Tool

Create a Storyboard

Storyboard as a Slide Show

Quit Tool

Print Tool

5. MORE KTURTLE COMMANDS 46

Basic KTurtle Commands

Message and Ask

More Commands

Containers

Penup and Pendown

Repeat

Drawing Polygons and Circle

6. FORMATTING IN WORD 2013 58

Page, Column, and Paragraph

Formatting

Printing a Document

Worksheet- 2 7 4

7. FEATURES OF WORD 2013 75

Spelling & Grammar

Thesaurus

Change Case

Find and Replace

Bullets and Numbering

Symbols

8. CREATING TABLES IN WORD 2013 90

Creating a Table

Modifying a Table

Formatting a Table

9. INTRODUCTION TO POWERPOINT 2013 107

Starting PowerPoint 2013

Parts of the PowerPoint2013 Window

Creating a New Presentation

Slide Show

10. TEXT IN POWERPOINT 2013 124

Inserting a Text Box

Formatting Text

Changing Case

Changing Alignment

Checking Spellings

Creating Bulleted and Numbered

CHAPTER# 1 Uses of Computers P: 1-8

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T

2. a. iv. all of these b. iii. both (i) and (ii) c. iv. all of these d. i. architect e. i. preparing projects

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:7)

QUESTION: a. How are computers useful in a school library?

ANSWER: a. In schools, computers are used: i. by teachers to prepare lessons. ii. by students to learn different subjects.

QUESTION: b. What is the use of an ATM?

ANSWER: b. An ATM is used for withdrawing money at any time.

QUESTION: c. Are there any skills that you are not using anymore because of computers?

ANSWER: c. I feel that I am not using certain skills like writing letters, as text messages and emails have replaced the need to do so. I am not using my dictionary-using skills because it is much easier to use online dictionaries.

QUESTION: d. Before computers, all official records, such as school report cards, were either hand-written or typed using typewriters? How has the use of computers in schools changed this? ls it beneficial for you or for the school? Give reasons for your answers.

ANSWER: d. The use of computers in schools has benefitted schools because they can now generate school report cards efficiently. The teachers can save a lot of time for other activities as they do not have to calculate students’ marks manually.

QUESTION: e. Do you think that computers have made places like shopping malls, airports, and hotels more secure in today’s society? Justify your response with good examples.

ANSWER: e. Computers have made places like shopping malls, airports, and hotels more secure in today’s society with the use of CCTV cameras and surveillance systems. Surveillance cameras in public places help ensure public safety because they are being monitored for any suspicious activity. By using these recordings of a crime scene the police can gather evidence against the responsible persons.

CHAPTER#2 Input and Output Devices P: 9-16

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. i. Printer b. ii. Digital camera c. iii. Scanner d. i. Mouse e. i. Soft copy

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:15)

QUESTION: a. Differentiate between hard copy and soft copy.

ANSWER: a. Hard copy is the output produced on paper by printer. Soft copy is the output on a monitor.

QUESTION: b. What is an output device? Name any two output devices.

ANSWER: b. The devices through which we see the output from a computer are called output devices. Monitor and printer are two output devices.

QUESTION: c. List four different pieces of computer hardware found in your school’s computer lab. Are they all essential components? Justify your answer.

ANSWER: c. The list of four different pieces of computer hardware in our school lab is given below: i. a keyboard ii. a mouse iii. a monitor and iv. a cabinet housing the CPU All these different computer hardware components are essential for the running of the computer. The Central Processing Unit processes the data that is fed into the computer with the help of the mouse or keyboard and the processed data is displayed on the monitor. Hence, all the components work together for effective functioning of the computer.

QUESTION: d. An architect is designing the floor plan of a house. Which do you think is the best input device to use for this task? Will he need more than one type of input device?

ANSWER: d. The best input device for an architect to use whilst designing the floor plan of a house is a light pen. It enables the architect to draw directly on the screen. Drawing smooth straight lines with precision is easier to do with a light pen than a mouse.

QUESTION: e. Cameras are often an integral part of a computer, especially a laptop or hand held device. What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a camera within a computer? Give examples to illustrate your response.

ANSWER: e. Some examples to illustrate the uses of cameras are: • Cameras built into the computer facilitate immediate communication with people who are not physically around. It is better than a traditional telephone conversation because you can see the other person as you speak. • It makes distance learning easier because the instructor can explain concepts visually using sketches and diagrams and conduct online training sessions or group study. • Inbuilt cameras support video surveillance in security systems for public safety.

CHAPTER#3 More about Windows 7 P: 17-31

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. T b. F c. F d . F e. T

2. a. iv. all of these b. iii. both (i) and (ii) c. ii. recycle Bin d. ii. address bar e. iv. all of these

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:30)

QUESTION: a. What are the three ways of copying or moving a file or a folder?

ANSWER: 1. a. The three ways of copying or moving a file or a folder are using the: Organize menu, context menu, and drag-and-drop method.

QUESTION: b. How will you create a new folder in Windows Explorer?

ANSWER: b. i. In the left pane of the Windows Explorer screen, click the drive or the folder in which a new folder is to be created. ii. Click New folder. Or In the right pane of the Windows Explorer screen, right-click the folder in which a new folder is to be created. Bring the pointer to the New option. Click the Folder option. iii. A ‘New folder’ will appear in the right pane of the screen. To rename the folder: • select it. • Click Organize Rename.

QUESTION: c. How will you delete the contents of the Recycle Bin?

ANSWER: c. To delete the contents of the recycle bin, click the Empty the Recycle Bin button.

QUESTION: d. You have been really busy working on your computer and have created a number of different projects. How can you organise them on your computer so you can easily locate them again Give reasons for your choice of organisation.

ANSWER: d. The different projects are all saved under different folders. Each document relating to a certain project can be saved as a separate file and will be named according to its content matter. The files should be sorted into folders. Labelling them by name and by the year they were created can help organise them.

QUESTION: e. You decide to set an image of a beautiful scene from nature as the wallpaper for your desktop. Outline the steps you will take. Do you think it is important to personalise your desktop? Why or why not?

ANSWER: e. Students may provide the following steps to set an image of their choice as a wallpaper. • I click the Start button and click on the Control Panel option. • I then click the Personalization option in the Control Panel window. • I right-click the desktop to open the context menu. • I click on Personalize. • I choose a wallpaper I like from the Personalization gallery. • I click Desktop Background and select the picture I want. • I click Save Changes and return to the Personalization gallery. • When I close the Personalization gallery, my desktop displays the picture I have saved as its background.

CHAPTER#4 More about Tux Paint P: 34-45

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. slide show b. ESC c. storyboard d. outline e. Selector

2. a. F b. F c. T d. T e. T

3. a. ii. Slides b. ii. Alt + S c. i. Play d. ii. Lower-left e. iv. Close

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:43)

QUESTION: a. Name any five categories of stamps in Tux Paint.

ANSWER: a. Five categories of stamps in Tux Paint are animals, plants, outer space, vehicles, and people.

QUESTION: b. How will you open an already existing picture?

ANSWER: b. To open an already existing picture: i. Click the Open tool in the Tux Paint window. A list of all the previously saved images will be displayed. ii. Select the picture that you want to open. iii. Click the Open button present at the bottom-left corner.

QUESTION: c. How will you print a picture using a printer?

ANSWER: c. To print a picture: i. Click the Print tool. The Print dialog box appears on the screen. ii. Click Yes, print it!. A dialog box appears. iii. Select the Printer, the Number of copies, and click print.

QUESTION: d. The Stamp tool in Tux looks really good fun. How could you use it effectively to create a little booklet about different sized creatures?

ANSWER: d. The stamp tool is like a rubber stamp. It enables the user to paste pictures of different-sized creatures on the drawing canvas. The control tools at the bottom of the screen allows the user to change the size of the stamp, flip it, or show its mirror image. The user can create a booklet using stamps of different sized creatures on each page.

QUESTION: e. What other Tux tools would you need to use to help you create your creature booklet? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using a program such as Tux?

ANSWER: e. Another Tux tool the user can use is the text tool to add text to describe the creatures. The shapes tool can be used to create shape borders around the creatures. The magic tools can be used to add a brick wall and place the bird on the brick wall. There are many different tools for the user to utilise in a variety of ways to make the booklet attractive. The advantage of Tux Paint is that it is an easy and simple program for young children to use. However, it would have been better had the program had some advanced features.

QUESTION: f. In your next Tux project, you need to include ten cars which are all of different sizes, how will you make sure they all fit on the drawing canvas? Why is it important to check these details as you go along?

ANSWER: f. In the next Tux project, the size tool will be used to create buses of different sizes so that ten buses will easily fit on the drawing canvas. If a bus is too large, the eraser tool can be used to erase it and then sizes can be adjusted accordingly.

CHAPTER#5 More KTurtle Commands P: 46-57

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. iii. 180 b. ii. pendown c. iii. ask d. i. repeat 72 { fw 5 tr 5 } e. ii. pendown

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:55)

QUESTION: a. Which command should be executed before so that even after giving the command fw 100, it will not draw a line of 100 steps?

ANSWER: a. penup

QUESTION: b. Which three commands can you use to draw a circle?

ANSWER: b. repeat 360 { fw 1 tr 1 }, repeat 36 { fw 5 tr 10 }, repeat 36 { fw 5 tr 10 wait 0.5 }

QUESTION: c. KTurtle loves commands and creates some wonderful things for you from them; a bit like following a recipe to make a delicious cake! Are there commands that KTurtle cannot follow? Why do you think that? A lot of commands are extremely simple; why is this the case?

ANSWER: c. KTurtle acts upon the commands the user gives. However, there may be certain illogical commands that it will not respond to because it does not function that way. For example, MS Paint cannot act upon the commands picked up from MS Word.

QUESTION: d. Do you think learning to programme a computer is a skill worth having? Justify your response.

ANSWER: d. Learning to program is an exciting skill to acquire because programming is challenging. One may want to build a career creating websites, mobile apps, or desktop programs. Learning to program can also make the user more productive, efficient, and effective. It is very beneficial in teaching problem solving.

QUESTION: e. If you were to draw a circle and then realise it was just too big, how would you change the 2 commands in KTurtle? Would this be a relatively easy task? Justify your response.

ANSWER: e. In KTurtle, a full circle is drawn with 360 degrees. A circle can be drawn using the repeat command, i.e. repeat 360 times. For example, repeat 360 (fw 1 tr 1) It is relatively simple to reduce the size of this circle; we will increase the number of steps in the fw command and the number of degrees in the tr command. This will reduce the number of repetitions and therefore, reduce the size of the circle.

CHAPTER#6 Formatting in Word 2013 P: 58-73

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. T b. T c. T d. F e. F

2. a. ii. FILE b. i. VIEW c. ii. Horizontal d. ii. 1 inch e. iii. Orientation

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:71)

QUESTION: a. Write the keyboard shortcuts to change the line spacing to: i. Single ii. Double

ANSWER: a. (i) CTRL + 1 (ii) CTRL + 2

QUESTION: b. What do you mean by default settings?

ANSWER: b. Settings that are standard or pre-defined in a software are called default settings.

QUESTION: c. How can you insert a page break in a document?

ANSWER: c. To insert a page break, click the position where you want to insert a page break and then click the INSERT tab. In the Pages group, click Page Break.

QUESTION: d. Differentiate between horizontal alignment and vertical alignment of text.

ANSWER: d. Horizontal alignment is the position of text in relation to the left and right page margins. Vertical alignment is the position of text in relation to the top and bottom page margins.

QUESTION: e. ln Word 2013 look at the ‘paper’ tab. Explore the different paper sizes and in particular, note the dimensions (width and height) of A4 sized paper. Why do you think A4 paper is the most widely used size of paper? Why not a smaller size or a bigger size?

ANSWER: e. A4 paper is the most widely used size of paper because it is a convenient size that has become the standard size in most countries.

QUESTION: f. Explain how you will format your school magazine in five columns. Do you think it will look good with 5 columns? Would an even number of columns give it a better look? Why do you think this?

ANSWER: f. The school magazine could be formatted to have five columns. To do this, first select the text. Click the Page Layout tab. In the Page Setup group, click Columns and specify the number of columns by clicking five in the Columns dropdown menu. The designer could choose any number of columns; however, care must be taken to ensure that the column width is the same for it to look presentable. An even number of columns may look better visually.

CHAPTER#7 Features of Word 2013 P: 75-89

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. iv. Convert to symbol b. iv. all of these c. ii. Change All d. i. Thesaurus e. ii. REVIEW

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS(P:88)

QUESTION: a. What does a blue, wavy line indicate in a Word 2013 document?

ANSWER: a. A blue wavy line indicates a grammatical mistake in a document.

QUESTION: b. Which type of list (bulleted or numbered) will you create if the order of items is not important?

ANSWER: b. Bulleted

QUESTION: c. Which tab has the option to insert symbols in a document?

ANSWER: c. INSERT tab

QUESTION: d. List the steps you will take to correct a misspelled word ’freind’ which recurs throughout a passage written in MS Word. Do you think it is right to use spell checkers all the time? Have spell checkers made us a bit lazy?

ANSWER: d. To correct a misspelled word ‘freind’ which recurs throughout a passage written in MS Word, the Spelling & Grammar tool is used. It allows the spellings of words to be checked either as an entire document or as a part of the document. The steps are as follows: • Select the word ‘freind’. • Click the Review tab. • Click the Spelling & Grammar button In the Proofing group. • The Spelling task pane appears on the right side of the document window with the correct spelling suggestion. • Click on the option Change All. It is not always correct to use spell checkers. For example, both ‘stationery’ and ‘stationary’ are different words with different meanings. The spell checker will not know which spelling should be used in the context of that sentence. In this case, the spell checker may not pick the correct spelling.

QUESTION: e. Is there an advantage in using a numbered list rather than a bulleted list? Give reasons for your response.

ANSWER: e. There is an advantage to use a numbered list when the order of items is important, for example, a sequence of events or steps. A bullet list is used when the order of items is not of any significance. For example, when writing out a recipe there is a distinct advantage for having a numbered list so the method is in proper order.

CHAPTER#8 Creating Tables in Word 2013 P: 90-106

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. DESIGN b. row c. cell d. LAYOUT e. Tab

2. a. iv. all of these b. iii. LAYOUT c. ii. Table Styles d. iii. TAB e. iii. both (i) and (ii)

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:122)

QUESTION: a. How can you select a column in a table?

ANSWER: a. To select a column in a table: • Move the mouse pointer to the area at the top of a column (column selection bar). • The mouse pointer changes to an arrow pointing downwards. • Click to select the column.

QUESTION: b. How can you select adjacent cells using the mouse?

ANSWER: b. Yes. To select adjacent cells using the mouse, click, and drag through the cells.

QUESTION: c. Write the steps to merge the cells of a column.

ANSWER: c. To merge the cells of a column: • Select the cells to be merged. • Click the LAYOUT tab. • In the Merge group, click the Merge Cells option.

QUESTION: d. How will your teacher transfer your exam marks into a Word 2013 table? What are the benefits of doing this?

ANSWER: d. To convert the exam marks into a table, the following steps should be taken: • Select the text. • Click the Insert tab. • Click the Table option. • In the drop-down menu that appears, select Convert Text to Table. • Close the ‘Convert Text to Table’ dialog box. • The selected text will appear in table form. The benefits of converting text into tables is that the data is then presented in a more systematic way. The table organises the information which in turn helps reveal patterns and relationships. It is easier to compare information, calculate averages and analyse the exam results.

QUESTION: e. A shopkeeper created a table with two columns to show the number of different kinds of vegetables he sold in a single month. However, he forgot to mention cabbage and carrots in this table. How will he modify the table to include the names and quantities of cabbage and carrots? What are the advantages and disadvantages of this sort of administration for a shop keeper?

ANSWER: e. The steps to modify the table are given below: • The shopkeeper can add two more columns to include cabbage and carrots in the table. To modify the table, he will have to take the following steps: • Click the column where he wants to insert a new blank row. • Right-click, select Insert in the context menu, and then select the appropriate option. • Click the Layout tab. • In the Rows & Columns group, select Insert Right. • A new column appears on the right. • Repeat the process to add another column.

QUESTION: f. Are there any benefits from using Quick Tables in MS Word 2013? Give examples to illustrate your answer.

ANSWER: f. There are benefits from using Quick Tables as it provides various template options and designs for creating a table. Once the layout has been selected, data can be added. The calendar can be used to insert a prepared table of a month which may be needed in a report. Tabular data can also be inserted and the table can be edited as often as required.

CHAPTER#9 Introduction to PowerPoint 2013 P: 107-123

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. F b. T c. T d. F e. T

2. a. iii. Ribbon b. ii. Layout c. ii. Top-half d. iii. DESIGN e. ii. Images

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (P:130)

QUESTION: a. How will you start PowerPoint 2013?

ANSWER: a. To start PowerPoint 2013: • Click Start All Programs Microsoft Office 2013 PowerPoint 2013. • The Start screen will appear. From here, you can create a new presentation, choose a template, or access your recently edited presentation. • Click Blank Presentation. A new presentation will appear.

QUESTION: b. How will you add text to a placeholder?

ANSWER: b. To add text to a placeholder, click inside it and start typing.

QUESTION: c. What are the different ways of starting a slide show?

ANSWER: c. A slide show can be started in one of the following ways: • Click the Start From Beginning button on the Quick Access Toolbar. • Press F5. • Click the Slide Show button at the bottom of the PowerPoint window to begin a presentation from the current slide. • Click the SLIDE SHOW tab. Click the From Beginning button in the Start Slide Show group.

QUESTION: d. When you have to give a presentation to everyone in your class, you could use posters and pictures to illustrate your talk or you could use a PowerPoint presentation. Which style of presentation do you prefer? Why do you think good, clear PowerPoints can keep the interest of an audience for longer than hand held images?

ANSWER: d. The students may say that they would give their presentations in PowerPoint because it would give them the opportunity to create a systematic display of information on a particular topic in a series of slides with a combination of text, images, and sound.

QUESTION: e. What are the advantages and disadvantages of presenting your information in a slide show?

ANSWER: e. There can be certain disadvantages to presenting information in a slide show. For example, students may respond that they lack the necessary skills to create a successful presentation. With little or no computer experience, they may find it difficult to do. They would also require a computer, projector, screen, and electricity to create a slideshow but if they do not have access to all this, there would not be a presentation. Also, the success of the presentation depends entirely on the proper functioning of technology. If the file is lost or accidentally deleted, there would be no slideshow to view.

CHAPTER#10 Text in PowerPoint 2013 P: 124-132

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. iv. all of these b. i. HOME c. i. Paragraph d. iii. Capitalize e Each Word e. i. Dot

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. Differentiate between a numbered list and a bulleted list.

ANSWER: a A bulleted list is used when the order of items in a list does not matter. A numbered list is used when the order of items is important.

QUESTION: b. Write the steps to insert a text box in a slide.

ANSWER: b. To insert a text box in a slide: • Click the INSERT tab. • In the Text group, click the Text Box option. • The mouse pointer changes to . • Move the pointer to the place on the slide where you want to add a text box. • Click and drag the mouse on the slide to insert a text box. • Release the mouse button when the text box is of the desired size. • To reposition a text box, move the pointer over the border. When the pointer changes to , click and rag the text box to a new location. Click and then type in the text box to insert text

QUESTION: c. It is relatively easy to create basic PowerPoint slides; but why do you think it is important to go beyond the basics and learn how to use more of the options available within the PowerPoint software?

ANSWER: c. It is important to go beyond the basics so students learn how to use different options and add details so as to create an effective presentation. This chapter teaches how to present and format slides so they are visually attractive.

QUESTION: d. Changing details of the text within a PowerPoint, such as changing the case structure of words or changing alignment can seem to be very fiddly and time consuming. What impact, if any, do you think your attention to detail can have on the audience who view your finished slide show? Justify your reasoning.

ANSWER: d. The case structure may be changed for the following reasons: • To capitalize the first letter of a sentence and leave all other letters as lowercase, Sentence case is used. • To exclude capital letters from the text, lowercase is used. • To capitalize all the letters, UPPERCASE is to be used. • To capitalize the first letter of each word and leave the other letters lowercase, Capitalize Each Word is used. Each of us may have different requirements for the slide show and may use different case structure accordingly. Alignment determines the appearance and orientation of the edges of the paragraph: how the text is aligned. It is very important to format the text so that the key message to be imparted stands out in an attractive and efficient manner.

QUESTION: e. When a PowerPoint has a spelling error in its final slide show, the mistake is often glaringly obvious when shown on a big screen. Has the spelling tool replaced the need for a dictionary? ls a dictionary more than a spelling guide? What do you think?

ANSWER: e. The spelling tool is a very valuable tool but it may not be a correct indicator all the time. For example, both the words ‘sea’ and ‘see’ are correctly spelt. The spelling tool will not know which spelling should be used in the context of that sentence. Hence, along with the spelling tool, a dictionary should also be used, to check more difficult spellings in the correct context.

WORKSHEET-3 P:133-134

1. Who am I? a. Slide b. Presentation c. Placeholder d. Bullet e. Numbered list

2. Observe the following figure and answer the questions. a. Bulleted list b. Tab: HOME Group: Paragraph

3. Observe the following table and answer the questions. a. Number of rows: 3 Number of columns: 3 b. Merge c. Center d. Tab: INSERT Group: Tables

4. Write the keyboard shortcuts for the following: a. Ctrl + S b. F5 c. F7

5. Observe the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:

a. Numbered list

b. Bullet. Yes. To change the symbols in the list: • Select the list • Click the Bullet drop-down menu arrow in the Paragraph group on the HOME tab • Click at the desired symbol in the bullet list that appears

c. i. atmosphere is BOLD ii. greenhouse effect is BOLD and italicized

CYBER OLYMPIAD QUESTIONS

1. a 2. a 3. b 4. d 5. d 6. c 7. b 8. c 9. a 10. d 11. d 12. b 13. d 14. d 15. d 16. d 17. a 18. b 19. d 20. a 21. c 22. a 23. b 24. d 25. c 26. c 27. a 28. c 29. c 30. d 31. a 32. b 33. d 34. c 35. c 36. a 37. d 38. c 39. b 40. b

REVISION QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1. Automated Teller Machine; it enables the user to withdraw money at any time.

2. Computer-controlled cameras are used to take still photographs and record video. They are also used in video conferencing and video chatting.

3. Computers can be used in banks to provide account details to customers and to print account statements. They are also used to operate ATMs enabling customers to withdraw money at any time.

4. Robots

5. Input devices enter data and instructions into the computer from outside. Keyboard and mouse. 6. Input and output devices are together called computer peripherals.

7. Input devices that are moved to point and select options on a screen are called pointing devices. Mouse and trackball.

8. Joystick

9. Wallpaper; Yes

10. A wallpaper always appears on the desktop while a screen saver appears on the desktop only when your computer is idle for a specified period of time.

11. True

12. By clicking at the options Start Control Panel Personalization.

===========END=======

NOTES: NEW OXFORD PRIMARY SCIENCE LEVEL 4 Third EDITION NICHOLAS HOSBURGH

NOTES: NEW OXFORD PRIMARY SCIENCE LEVEL 4 Third EDITION NICHOLAS HOSBURGH

Contents

PART 1 OURSELVES

Unit 1 The Human Body Page 2

Unit 2 Food and a Balance Diet Page 11

Unit 3 Digestion Page 20

PART 2 LIVING THINGS

Unit 4 Characteristics of Living Things Page 31

Unit 5 Environments and Food Chains Page 42

PART 3 MATERIALS AND MATTER

Unit 6 Solids, Liquids, and Gases Page 60

Unit 7 The Study of Matter Page 67

PART 4 FORCES, ENERGY, AND MACHINES

Unit 8 Heat Page 76

Unit 9 Force and Machines Page 84

Unit 10 Circuit and Switches Page 92

Unit 11 Magnetism Page 98

Unit 12 Sound Page 104

PART 5 THE EARTH AND SPACE

Unit 13 The Movement of the Earth Page 115

PART 1 OURSELVES

UNIT 1 THE HUMAN BODY PAGE 2

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Which kind of tissue gives shape to the organs and holds them in place?

a. connective ii. Cardiac muscles make up which organ?

b. heart iii. What are the muscles that perform their jobs without you even thinking about them called?

c. involuntary muscles iv. What makes our bones strong?

d. all of them v. The smallest bone of the body is in the d. ear.

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Bone is an example of a connective tissue.

ii. Cardiac muscles contract and relax when pumping blood around the body.

iii. A place in a vertebrate’s body where two or mare bones meet is a joint.

iv. The tissue that joins two bones together is known as ligament.

v. The joint which moves a part of our body only in one direction is known as a hinge joint.

vi. The joint that can move a part of our body in a circular direction is known as a ball and socket joint.

vii. The stomach is an example of smooth (or involuntary) muscles.

viii. The muscular system works with the skeletal system to help us move. ix. Smooth muscles make up the internal hollow organs in the body.

3. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B AND WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE SPACES GIVEN BELOW.

Column A	Column B

ANSWERS:

i. a tissue that holds two or mare bones together at a movable joint b. ligament

ii. the framework of bones in a body d. skeleton

iii. a group of tissues performing a specific function a. organ

iv. a thick sheet of tissues that attaches a muscle to a bone e. tendon

v. the building unit of all living things c. cell

4. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. What are the main functions of the skeleton?

ANSWER: i. What are the main functions of the skeleton? The skeleton is a framework of bones that helps to give strength and support to the body. It allows us to stand and move and provides a frame for the shape of the body. It protects internal organs.

QUESTION: ii. Joints. a. What is a joint? Which two types of joint have been discussed in this unit? Where is each of them found in the body? b. Write any one activity you can perform with the help of these joints.

ANSWER: ii. Joints. a. What is a joint? Which two types of joints have been discussed in this unit? Where is each of them found in the body? A joint is a place in a body where two or mare bones meet. The two kinds of joint discussed in the unit are the ball and socket joint and the hinge joint. The hinge joint is found at the knee, elbow, fingers etc. The shoulder and the hip are examples of the ball and socket joint. b. Write any one activity you can perform with the help of these joints. Students can name a range of activities.

QUESTION: iii. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles and give an example of each.

ANSWER: iii. Differentiate between voluntary and involuntary muscles and give an example of each one. Involuntary muscles operate automatically whereas we consciously use our voluntary muscles. If we wanted to pick something up and eat it, we would use voluntary muscles in our hand, arm and mouth to do so. The involuntary muscles of the digestive tract and the stomach would digest it automatically. Students can give other plausible examples.

QUESTION: iv. How many types of muscle are there? Describe each of them with an example.

ANSWER: iv. How many types of muscle are there? Describe each of them with an example. There are three different types of muscle: smooth, cardiac and skeletal. Students should use their own words to describe them based on the explanations given on pages 6 and 7. They may choose any of the examples given there too.

QUESTION: v. Suggest any two wags to take good care of muscles and bones.

ANSWER: v. Suggest any two ways to take good care of muscles and bones. Students can suggest exercise, eating the right kinds of foods (calcium rich for bones), or proper rest as ways to take good care of muscles and bones.

UNIT 2 FOOD AND A BALANCE DIET PAGE 11

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Dietary fibre can be found in b. wheat.

ii. Which of these foods is a good source of carbohydrate? a. bread

iii. This vitamin is made by the skin in sunlight: d. vitamin D

iv. Which food is a good source of protein and calcium? a. cheese

v. Which of these we should eat very little of? c. sweets

2. FIND THE ODD ONE OUT IN EACH OF THE FOLLOWING.

i. milk, curds, cheese, jam, butter Jam is not a dairy product

ii. cucumber, peas, carrot, lettuce, spinach Carrot is a root vegetable (it is also orange and the others are green!)

iii. sugarcane, banana, apple, grape, guava Sugarcane is a stem rather than a fruit

iv. pistachio, cashew nut, walnut, onion, almond Onion is not a nut or seed, it is a bulb used as a vegetable

v. protein, mineral, wood, fat, vitamin Wood is not a food group

3. PUT TWO WORDS FROM THE LIST INTO EACH COLUMN OF THE TABLE BELOW.

Proteins – Carbohydrates – Fats – Vitamins

eggs nuts- carrot cereals- butter chocolate -sunshine lemon

5- ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Why do we need food?

ANSWER: i. Why do we need food? Food gives us energy to live.

QUESTION: ii. What do proteins do for the body?

ANSWER: ii. What do proteins do for the body? Proteins give us energy and are body-building foods that make us grow. They help our body to build up and repair tissues and muscles. They enable your body to replace dead cells.

QUESTION: iii. Why does the body need carbohydrates?

ANSWER: iii. Why does the body need carbohydrates? The body needs carbohydrates because they give us energy.

QUESTION: iv. How do dietary fibres help in digestion?

ANSWER: iv. How do dietary fibres help digestion? Dietary fibre helps to move waste through the digestive system.

QUESTION: v. In what wag are vitamins good for the body?

ANSWER: v. In what way are vitamins good for the body? Vitamins keep bones and skin healthy. They help eyesight, give energy, and prevent infections. They also help wounds to heal.

QUESTION: vi. What do we mean by d balanced diet?

ANSWER: vi. What do we mean by a balanced diet? A balanced diet means eating the right variety of foods in the right amounts.

QUESTION: vii. How much water is needed by the body every dog? Does this mean we hove to drink that amount?

ANSWER: vii. How much water is needed by the body every day? Does this mean we have to drink that amount? The body needs water in order to function properly. We should drink at least six to eight glasses of water daily. We also get water from our food.

UNIT 3 DIGESTION PAGE 20

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Which teeth are used for biting into food? d. incisors

ii. The undigested food passes out through the c. anus.

iii. What is stored in the gall bladder? a. bile

iv. Where do the nutrients go after they pass through the intestinal walls? b. into blood vessels v. Which of the following are facts about the liver? d. All of the above.

2. MATCH THE FOLLOWING.

ANSWERS:

i. saliva b. a fluid that helps with digestion

ii. liver d. produces bile

iii. intestine e. a long tube in the digestive system

iv. gall bladder c. it stores bile

v. stomach f. stores food for several hours

vi. pancreas a. produces digestive juices that break down fats

3. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Saliva in the mouth helps to soften food.

ii. The stomach produces acid which kills the bacteria in food.

iii. The large intestine absorbs water from the waste and sends the solid part of it out of the anus body as faeces.

iv. The liver produces a digestive juice called bile.

v. The tongue helps to mix the food with saliva.

vi. Bile is produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

vii. Saliva softens the food and starts the digestion of starches.

4. MARK THESE SENTENCES WITH aOR X .

i. The teeth which cut food are incisors. a

ii. There are salivary glands in the teeth. X

iii. Food enters the stomach through the small intestine. X

iv. The liver is bigger than the pancreas. a

v. It is better for the digestion if one stands while eating. X

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: I Name four types of teeth.

ANSWER: i. Name four types of teeth. Incisors, canines, molars, and premolars.

QUESTION: ii. What are the intestines and what are their functions?

ANSWER: ii. What are the intestines and what are their functions? The intestines are tubes that carry food from the stomach to the anus. In the small intestine more digestive juices make the food softer. The walls of the small intestine are very thin. Digested food, in the form of nutrients, passes through the walls into the blood vessels. Some of the things you eat cannot be digested. They pass into the large intestine. Here, water is absorbed from the undigested food and fibre and the solid part of it is sent out of the body as faeces through the anus.

QUESTION: iii What is saliva? How does it help digestion?

ANSWER: iii. What is saliva? How does it help digestion? Salivary glands in the mouth produce saliva. Saliva is a liquid that softens the food and starts the digestion of starches.

QUESTION: iv. What does the liver do?

ANSWER: iv. What does the liver do? The liver has many functions. It helps to filter the blood and it stores food energy (in the form of glucose). It is the largest glandular organ in the body. It produces a digestive juice called bile.

QUESTION: v. How do the nutrients from food get to the different parts of the body?

ANSWER: v. How do the nutrients from food get to the different parts of the body? The walls of the small intestine are very thin. Digested food, in the form of nutrients passes through the walls into the blood vessels. The blood vessels transport the brokendown substances to the body cells where they are used to provide energy and build new tissue.

QUESTION: iv. What is bile? Where in the body is it produced and stared?

ANSWER: iv. What is bile? Where in the body is it produced and stored? Bile is a digestive juice. The bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder and when needed, released into part of the small intestine.

QUESTION: vii. Which foods are easier to digest? Make a list of the foods you think are easy to digest and those which are not.

ANSWER: vii. Make a list of the foods you think are easy to digest and those which are not.

PART 2 LIVING THINGS

UNIT 4 CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS PAGE 18

EXERCISES:

1. Choose the correct answer.

i. Another word for movement is c. locomotion

ii. We need to look after plants and animals because c. we depend on each other for life.

iii. What hatches from the egg of a grasshopper? b. a nymph

iv. The egg of a butterfly hatches into a b. larva.

v. What grows from a seed when it germinates? a. roots

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Humans and animals take in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

ii. Plants make their own food by a process called photosynthesis.

iii. All living things do the following:

a. eat b. respire c. excrete d. have sensitivity e. move f. grow g. reproduce

iv. Plants and animals depend on each other.

v. Plants produce oxygen which is the air we breathe in.

3. MARK THESE SENTENCES WITH aOR X .

I. Plants never move. X

ii. Only plant cells have chloroplasts. a

iii. All living things grow. a

iv. All life cycles have three stages. X

v. Frogs eggs are called fry. X

vi. Humans inherit all their characteristics from only one parent. X

4. FIND ONE WORD FOR EACH SENTENCE.

i. The gas that we need to breathe. oxygen

ii. Another word for movement. locomotion

iii. The word for the process of getting rid of waste products. excretion

iv. The word for frog eggs. spawn

v. A young fish. fry

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Give two examples of how plants and animals relg on each other.

ANSWER: i. Give two examples of how plants and animals rely on each other. Students can come up with specific examples. Some suggestions: plants provide humans and other animals with food. Plants produce oxygen that we breathe. Humans and animals breathe out carbon dioxide that is used by plants to make food. Animals provide plants with manure and, when they die, compost.

QUESTION: ii. What is the function of a vacuole?

ANSWER: ii. What is the function of a vacuole? The function of a vacuole is to store food, water and waste substances.

QUESTION: iii. Do plants respire?

ANSWER: iii. Do plants respire? Yes, plants respire. They take in oxygen and use it to break down their food.

QUESTION: iv. What things do plants need to make their own food? What do they use the food for?

ANSWER: iv. What things do plants need to make their own food? What do they use the food for? Plants possess chlorophyll and make their food themselves through a process called photosynthesis, using sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. Plants need foodin order to perform their life processes. Food gives them energy to move, grow, etc.

QUESTION: v. Where do animals get their energy from?

ANSWER: v. Where do animals get their energy from? Animals get their energy by eating different plants and other animals.

QUESTION: vi. How long does it take a newborn calf to get up and walk?

ANSWER: vi. How long does it take a new-born calf to get up and walk? Usually, a calf will be up and walking thirty minutes after it has been born.

QUESTION: vii. What are the stages in the life cycle of a cockroach?

ANSWER: vii. What are the stages in the life cycle of a cockroach? A cockroach has a three-stage life cycle. A nymph hatches from the egg. It looks and behaves just like an adult cockroach.

QUESTION: viii. Explain how you know that humans are a different species to other animals.

ANSWER: viii. Explain how you know that humans are a different species to other animals. Students should attempt to explain this in their own words, describing the similarities that all humans share (number of limbs, organs, etc.) and their differences to other animals.

UNIT 5 ENVIRONMENTS AND FOOD CHAINS PAGE 26

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. The green substance in leaves that is needed for photosynthesis is called b. chlorophyll.

ii. Pick the correct definition of aerial animals. d. Aerial animals have wings and spend a lot of time in the air.

iii. An animal which eats meat and plants is called c. omnivore.

iv. Why are aquatic plants important for animal life? d. All of the above.

v. Which of these is an omnivore? c. human.

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Decomposers feed on the dead bodies of animals and plants.

ii. Only producers can make their own food.

iii. Consumers are those living things that cannot produce their own food.

iv. Cows and goats are examples of herbivorous animals. They do not eat animals.

v. Omnivorous animals eat plants and animals.

vi. An animal which maintains its body temperature by absorbing heat from the surrounding environment is cold-blooded.

vii. An animal that maintains its body temperature internally, and does change it with the surrounding temperature, is warm-blooded.

viii. A process through which plants make their food is called photosynthesis.

QUESTION: 3 READ THE TEED CHAIN BELOW.

cabbage -—-> caterpillar -—-> sparrow -—> eagle

Which of the above is a producer and which are consumers?

ANSWER: The cabbage is a producer. All the rest are consumers.

4. HERBIVARE, CARNIVARE, OR OMNIVARE

i. Put these animals in the correct columns of the table.

tiger jackal horse elephant rabbit

bear crow deer sheep human

cat cockroach dog cow vulture

HERBIVARE	CARNIVARE	CARNIVARE
horse elephant rabbit deer cow sheep	Tiger cat dog	bear human jackal crow cockroach vulture

ii. Add other names to each list.

ANSWERS:

iii. Discuss the animals you and others have added into your lists.

ANSWERS:

QUESTION:5 FIND TWO EXAMPLES OF EACH OF THE FOLLOWING.

i. desert plants
ii. terrestrial plants
iii. floating plants
iv. insect-eating plants
v. underwater plants

ANSWERS:

i. Desert plants a. cactus b. palm

ii. Terrestrial plants a. mango tree b. daisy

iii. Floating plants a. water lily b. lotus

iv. Insect-eating plants a. Venus fly trap b. pitcher plant

v. Underwater plants a. duck weed b. algae

7. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. How many types or species of plants have scientists found?

ANSWER: i. How many types or species of plants have scientists found? Scientists have found billions of species of plants.

QUESTION: ii. What is meant by classification? Why do scientists classify things?

ANSWER: ii. What is meant by classification? Why do scientists classify things? Classification means sorting things into different groups according to specific criteria. Scientists classify things because it makes them easier to study.

QUESTION: iii. Define the following terms with examples of each: a. cold-blooded animal b. warm-blooded animal

ANSWER: iii. Define the following terms with examples of each: a. cold-blooded animal Cold-blooded animals take on the temperature of their surroundings. Their body temperature changes with the outside temperature. They are hot when their environment is hot, and cold when their environment is cold. Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and frogs are cold-blooded animals. b. warm-blooded animal Warm-blooded animals maintain a constant body temperature. This means that they do not depend upon the temperature of their environment. Humans, mammals, and birds are warm-blooded animals.

QUESTION: iv. What do herbivores eat? Where do they find their food?

ANSWER: iv. What do herbivores eat? Where do they find their food? Herbivores eat plants. These animals eat grass or plants that are around them.

QUESTION: v. Where do terrestrial animals live? Where do they make their homes?

ANSWER: v. Where do terrestrial animals live? Where do they make their homes? Terrestrial animals live on the ground. They make their homes on land or in caves or burrows.

QUESTION: vi. What does ‘arboreal’ mean? Name three arboreal creatures.

ANSWER: vi. What does ‘arboreal’ mean? Name three arboreal creatures. Arboreal means of the trees. Monkeys, apes, squirrels, opossums, and some kinds of lizard, are arboreal. Students may think of other animals too.

QUESTION: vii. How does colour help animals to protect themselves? Give some examples.

ANSWER: vii. How does colour help animals to protect themselves? Give some examples. Colour can help animals to protect themselves by helping them to blend in with their surroundings. Green and brown birds blend in with the leaves or earth. Certain insects also do this. The stripes of the zebra help it to blend in with the grasslands. White fur stops predators and prey from being seen in the snow. Students can come up with some general animal examples.

QUESTION: viii. What are parasites? Name some and describe what they live on.

ANSWER: viii.What are parasites? Name some and describe what they live on. Parasites live on or inside the bodies of other animals (or trees). They use the other living thing as their source of life energy. Fleas and lice live on animals and suck their blood; certain types of worm live inside the bodies of animals, feeding on their flesh, blood, or the food they eat; mistletoe lives on other plants. Students may suggest others too.

QUESTION: ix. if you could be any animal (apart from a human) which would you be? Why?

ANSWER: ix. If you could be any animal (apart from a human) which would you be? Why? Students will give their own answers and reasons.

QUESTION: x. What things do plants need to make their own food? What do they use the food for?

ANSWER: x. What things do plants need to make their own food? Plants possess chlorophyll which they use to make their food themselves through a process called photosynthesis. The process also requires sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide. What do they use the food for? They use their food for energy to live.

PART 3 MATERIALS AND MATTER

UNIT 6 SOLIDS, LIQUIDS, AND GASES PAGE 32

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Which of the following is not a state of matter? c. oil

ii. Everything on Earth is made of tiny a. particles.

iii. Ice, water and water vapour are made of a. water particles.

iv. Which type of matter has a fixed shape and a fixed volume? a. solids

v. When wood is burned and turns into ash what type of change has taken place? b. chemical change

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Matter is made up of particles.

ii. The particles in a solid are packed very closely together.

iii. The particles in a liquid are packed loosely together. They can flow.

iv. In a gas, the spaces between the particles are bigger.

3. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B.

Column A Column B

1. a change in which new substances are formed C. chemical change

2. a change of state but no new substances are formed A. physical change

3. everything in the world that has mass and occupies space B. matter

4. Mark these sentences with aor x .

i. Particles move. a

ii. Particles in gas are packed tightly together. x

iii. A litre of water is more when it is in a 5-litre container. x

iv. Particles in orange juice are packed less closely than those in an orange ice lolly. a

v. Ice melts into a gas. x

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. What is matter?

ANSWER: i. What is matter? Everything in this world that has mass and occupies space is matter.

QUESTION: ii. What is the difference between a solid and a liquid?

ANSWER: ii. What is the difference between a solid and a liquid? In a solid, the particles are packed closely together and cannot move about freely. Particles in solids vibrate in their place. A solid has a definite shape and volume. The particles in a liquid are not packed together so closely. This means that liquids can flow. Liquids do have a definite volume, but they do not have a fixed shape.

QUESTION: iii. Do the particles in a liquid stay in one place?

ANSWER: iii. Do the particles in a liquid stay in one place? The particles in a liquid can flow.

QUESTION: iv. Do liquids have a fixed shape? Explain your answer

ANSWER: iv. Do liquids have a fixed shape? Why not? No, liquids can be poured into any shape of container.

QUESTION: v. Why is it not a very good idea to use aerosol sprays?

ANSWER: v. Why is it not a very good idea to use aerosol sprays? Aerosol sprays contain chemicals that could harm the environment when released into the atmosphere.

QUESTION: vi. Why is it not a good idea to dispose of oil down drains or into lakes and rivers?

ANSWER: vi. Why is it not a good idea to dispose of oil down drains or into lakes and rivers? Oil, fat, and grease do not dissolve in water. They can block drains. They form a film on water and can harm wildlife and plants.

UNIT 7 THE STUDY OF MATTER PAGE 39

EXERCISES:

1. Choose the correct answer.

i. Which of the following is NOT one of the properties of water? c. It has a definite shape.

ii. Which of the following are ways to separate salt from water? b. evaporation

iii. What can you use to remove iron filings from a mixture of substances? a. magnet

iv. A solution is created when a. a solute is mixed in a solvent.

v. Which TWO of the following will NOT dissolve in water? c. oil and d. sand

2. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B.

Column A ————————————————————-Column B

i. the solid that remains on the filter paper after filtration c. residue

ii. the liquid that passes through a filter paper d. filtrate

iii. the method used to separate heavier solid particles from a liquid a. decantation

iv. when particles in a liquid fall to the bottom e. sedimentation

v. the method of separation in which the liquid is heated b. evaporation

4. GIVE TWO PROPERTIES FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING.

i. solid has a definite volume and a definite shape, usually hard, the particles are tightly packed together.

ii. liquid has a definite volume, takes the shape of the container it is in, flows because the particles move around each other.

iii. gas no fixed shape or volume, it occupies the whole space of the container it is in, particles move about freely in all directions.

5. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. In which states can water exist?

ANSWER: i. In which states can water exist? Water can be a solid (ice), a liquid (water), or a gas (steam/water vapour).

QUESTION: ii. Does water contain oxygen? How do we know?

ANSWER: ii. Does water contain oxygen? How do we know? Yes. We know that water contains oxygen because plants and animals live in it and all living things need oxygen to respire.

QUESTION: iii. What are all substances made up of?

ANSWER: iii. What are all substances made up of? particles

QUESTION: iv. What are some of the properties of water?

ANSWER: iv. What are some of the properties of water? has a definite volume, takes the shape of the container it is in, flows because the particles move around each other, does not smell of anything in particular.

QUESTION: v. You have a mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings. How will you separate all the components of this mixture?

ANSWER: v. You have a mixture of sand, salt, and iron filings. How will you separate all the components of this mixture? The iron filings can be removed by a magnet. The sand could be separated from the salt by mixing both with water and then filtering out the insoluble sand. The water could be evaporated to leave the salt. Students may suggest other methods.

QUESTION: vi. Where do we use the magnetic method of separation? Give an example from daily life.

ANSWER: vi. Where do we use the magnetic method of separation? Give an example from your daily life. Electromagnets are used to sort magnetic metals in a scrapyard.

QUESTION: vii. What happens to a substance when it dissolves in a liquid? in your own words, try to explain what the word ‘dissolve’ means.

ANSWER: vii. What happens to a substance when it dissolves in a liquid? In your own words, try to explain what the word ‘dissolve’ means. When a substance dissolves in water its particles mix into the entire volume of the liquid.

QUESTION: viii. Why can we not taste all substances to tell what is in them? Give at least two reasons.

ANSWER: viii. Why can we not taste all substances to tell what is in them? Give at least two reasons. Some substances have no taste, and some are poisonous.

QUESTION: ix. Does a filter separate a substance which will not dissolve in water? How will you experiment to find out?

ANSWER: ix. Does a filter separate a substance which will not dissolve in water? How will you experiment to find out? Yes. Students should use their experience of previous filtering exercises.

PART 4 FORCES, ENERGY, AND MACHINES

UNIT 8 HEAT PAGE 42

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Temperature is the b. average energy of particles.

ii. Heat is the a. total energy of particles.

iii. The flow of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is known as a. heat.

iv. Any temperature on the Celsius scale which is lower than that of melting ice (0o ) is written with a a. minus sign.

v. The normal human body temperature on the Celsius scale is a. 37^o

2. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B.

Column A —————————————————————-Column B

i. the total energy of particles of a substance a. heat

ii. the average energy of particles of a substance c. temperature iii. the flow of energy from a warmer to a cooler object b. thermal energy

3. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. The average energy of particles in a substance is called temperature.

ii. The total energy of particles in a substance is called heat.

iii. The flow of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object is known as heat (heat transfer).

iv. The instrument which is used to measure temperature is called a thermometer. v. All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms.

v. The normal human body temperature on the Celsius scale is 37 degrees.

vi. The melting point of ice is 32 degrees Fahrenheit and 0 degrees Celsius.

vii. The temperature at which pure water boils is 212 degrees Fahrenheit and 100 degrees Celsius.

viii. Temperature that is lower than 0o C is written with a minus sign.

ix. Nothing can get colder than -273 degrees Celsius and this is called absolute zero.

4. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Define the following terms: a. heat b. temperature

ANSWER: i. Define the following terms: a. heat is the total energy of particles in a substance. b. temperature is the average energy of particles in a substance.

QUESTION: ii. Which two scales are commonly used to measure temperature?

ANSWER: ii. Which two scales are commonly used to measure temperature? Fahrenheit and Celsius

QUESTION: iii. Which instrument is used to measure temperature?

ANSWER: iii. Which instrument is used to measure temperature? A thermometer

QUESTION: iv. What happens to the liquid in a thermometer when the air around it gets a. warmer? b. colder?

ANSWER: iv. What happens to the liquid in a thermometer when the air around it gets a. warmer? When the air around the thermometer gets hot, the liquid inside the thermometer begins to expand. It moves upwards inside the tube. b. colder? When the air around the thermometer gets cold, the liquid contracts and moves downwards.

UNIT 9 FORCE AND MACHINES PAGE 45

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Which of the following is not an example of a simple machine? a. juicer

ii. A light bulb is an example of a b. screw

iii. A fork is an example of a a. lever

iv. Toilet paper on a roller is an example of a b. wheel and axle

v. The metal cap of a bottle can be opened by using a bottle opener. In this case the bottle opener works as a c. lever

vi. A flagpole is an example of a c. pulley

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. A device or tool used to make the work easier and faster is called a machine.

ii. A simple machine has few or no moving parts.

iii. A compound machine is made up of two or more simple machines combined together.

iv. A simple machine made up of a bar or rod, which rests and turns on a fixed point is called a lever.

v. A simple machine used to cut or split things apart is called a wedge.

vi. A simple machine that is used to fasten or hold materials together is called a screw.

vii. A fork is an example of a simple machine called a lever.

viii. A simple machine with a slanting surface, used to move heavy loads up or down is called an inclined plane.

ix. A simple machine consisting of a rope or string, wound around a grooved wheel is called a pulley.

x. The rod that goes through the wheel and helps the wheel to move is called an axel.

3. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B AND WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE SPACES GIVEN BELOW.

Column A——————————————————————- Column B

i. two inclined planes joined back to back, used to cut or split things apart d. wedge

ii. a rigid bar or rod that rests and moves on a support, and is used to move a heavy load easily e. lever

iii. a rope or string wound around a grooved wheel, used to move objects up, down or across b. pulley

iv. a slanting surface used for moving objects from lower to higher, or higher to lower surfaces easily a. inclined plane

v. an inclined plane wrapped around a cylindrical pole that is used to fasten, or hold things together c. screw

6. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. If an object is acting as a lever, what is the force applied on the object called?

ANSWER: i. If an object is acting as a lever, what is the force applied on the object called? The effort

QUESTION: ii. What is the point where a lever moves called?

ANSWER: ii. What is the point where a lever moves called? Fulcrum or pivot

QUESTION: iii. How is a simple machine different from a compound machine?

ANSWER: iii. How is a simple machine different from a compound machine? A simple machine has few or no moving parts. A compound machine is one in which two or more simple machines are put together.

QUESTION: iv. Draw a lever and label all three parts of it.

ANSWER: iv. Draw a lever and label all three parts in it.

QUESTION: v. Where do you see the use of pulleys? Give at least three examples from your daily life.

ANSWER: v. Where do you see the use of pulleys? Give at least three examples from your daily life. Some suggestions: flagpole, curtains, window blinds, clothes lines, cranes.

QUESTION: vi. How do wheels and axles make easier?

ANSWER: vi. How do wheels and axles make work easier? Wheels and axels make work easier by allowing heavy loads to be moved easily. They allow loads to be rolled along and to travel for greater distances.

QUESTION: vii. How can you say that inclined planes are machines? Give at least three examples from your daily life to support your answer.

ANSWER: vii. How can you say that inclined planes are machines? Give at least three examples from your daily life to support your answer. Inclined planes are machines because they make work easier. We use inclined planes regularly to move loads over raised obstacles. Some suggestions: chopping knife, spade, access ramps, stairs/escalators, dropped curbs.

QUESTION: viii. Read the following situations carefully and decide which simple machines should be used to solve these problems.

ANSWER: viii.Read the following situations carefully and decide which simple machines should be used to solve these problems. Students will think of solutions. Some suggestions: SITUATION 1: Ali lives on the fourth floor of an apartment which does not have a lift. He is supposed to carry a bucket full of water to his apartment. Suggest which simple machine is best to help in this situation. Explain how that machine would be used. Ali could use a pulley mounted above a window in his apartment to raise the bucket up the side of the building. SITUATION 2: A person needs to load a heavy bag of rice onto a truck. Suggest which simple machine is best to help in this situation. Explain how this machine would be used. An inclined plane would allow the person to roll the bag up and onto the truck. SITUATION 3: A man needs to move a large, heavy stone from the road to avoid all accidents. Suggest which simple machine would help best in this situation. Explain how this machine would be used. A lever would allow the man to move the heavy stone. He would need to find a pivot to rest the lever on and apply effort to the other end in order to lift the load. He could also use a wedge and insert it under the stone to push it over.

UNIT 10 CIRCUIT AND SWITCHES PAGE 51

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. The materials which allow electricity to pass through them are called b. conductors.

ii. The materials which do not allow electricity to pass through them are called a. insulators.

iii. Which of the following is an example of an insulator? a. rubber

iv. Which of the following is an example of a conductor? b. copper

v. Which kind of circuit has two or more paths for the current to flow along? b. parallel circuit

vi. Which of the following describes the flow of current in a series circuit? c. the current only has one path to flow along

2. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Electricity which flows through a material is called current.

ii. A complete path for electricity to flow is called a circuit.

iii. If there is a gap or break in the circuit, it is called an incomplete circuit.

iv. If there is no gap or break in the circuit, it is called a closed (or complete) circuit.

v. The device which is used to turn on or off an electrical appliance is called a switch.

vi. In a series circuit, the appliances are connected in a line, one after the other.

vii. In a parallel circuit, the current flows through different branches or paths.

viii.A substance which allows electricity to pass through is called a conductor.

ix. A substance which does not allow electricity to pass through is called an insulator.

3. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B AND WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE SPACES GIVEN BELOW.

Column A————————————————————————- Column B

i. the complete path along which electricity flows c. circuit

ii. a device or connection used to turn on or off an electrical appliance d. switch

iii. a material which allows electricity to pass through it a. conductor

iv. a material which does not allow electricity to pass through it b. insulator

I. DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS.

ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Define the following terms. a. conductor b. insulator c. electric current d. circuit

ANSWER: a. A conductor is a material which allows electricity to pass through it. b. An insulator is a material which does not allow electricity to pass through it. c. An electric current is electricity which flows through a material. d. A circuit is the complete path along which electricity flows.

QUESTION: ii. What is a switch used for?

ANSWER: ii. What is a switch used for? A switch is used to turn on or off an electrical appliance.

QUESTION: iii. Compare series and parallel circuits.

ANSWER: iii. Compare series and parallel circuits.

QUESTION: iv. Draw and label the following circuits with a battery, wire, and two light bulbs in each. a. series circuit b. parallel circuit

ANSWER:

QUESTION: v. Make a list of electrical appliances in your home. Classify them into mains-powered and battery-powered.

ANSWER:

UNIT 11 MAGNETISM PAGE 57

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. Which pair listed below would attract each other? b. north pole and south pole

ii. Which of the following is magnetic? d. iron nail

iii. Materials which a magnet can attract are called b. magnetic

iv. A freely suspended magnet always points in which direction? d. north-south

v. How can a magnet become demagnetised? d. all of these

2. FILL IN EACH BLANK WITH THE CORRECT WORD FROM THE BRACKET.

i. All magnets have two poles.

ii. An iron nail is not attracted to a magnet if it is far from the magnet’s magnetic field.

iii. Some materials are attracted to magnets.

iv. A magnet’s power is strongest at the poles.

3. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. What is a magnetic field?

ANSWER: i. What is a magnetic field? The magnetic field is the area of invisible force around a magnet.

QUESTION: ii. Where are the poles of a magnet situated?

ANSWER: ii. Where are the poles of a magnet situated? The poles of a magnet are situated at the ends of it.

QUESTION: iii. Where is the magnetic force of a magnet the strongest?

ANSWER: iii. Where is the magnetic force of a magnet the strongest? At the poles.

QUESTION: iv. How can we make temporary magnets?

ANSWER: iv. How can we make temporary magnets? Metals like iron or nickel can be made into temporary magnets by stroking them across magnets or by passing on electric current through them.

QUESTION: v. How should magnets be stared? Why?

ANSWER: v. How should magnets be stored? Why? Magnets should be stored in pairs with unlike poles opposite and with keepers across the ends. Magnets can become demagnetised if they are heated, dropped or hammered, or not stored correctly.

QUESTION: 4. Use the table below ta write at list at different objects. Are they magnetic or not? Guess ﬁrst then test them.

OBJECT	MAGNETIC? (GUESS)	MAGNETIC? (TESTED)
nails	Yes	Yes

UNIT 12 SOUND PAGE 61

EXERCISES:

1. Choose the correct answer.

i. More vibrations per second produce b. high sounds.

ii. Which of the following frequencies cannot be heard by the human ear? a. 5 Hz

iii. The frequency of a sound wave is the a. number of vibrations per second.

iv. An echo is produced when b. sound waves bounce off a surface.

v. If an object vibrates 500 times in a second, its frequency will be b. 500 Hz.

2. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B AND WRITE THE CORRECT ANSWERS IN THE SPACES GIVEN BELOW.

Column A ————————————————————-Column B

i. repeated motion of an object c. vibration

ii. the unit of measuring frequency d. hertz

iii. the bouncing back of a sound wave from one surface to another a. echo

iv. vibration passing from particle to particle b. sound wave

3. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. Sound waves cannot travel in a vacuum.

ii. The number of vibrations per second is called frequency.

iii. The number of vibrations is measured in units called hertz.

iv. A recurring disturbance, or movement that transfers energy through matter is called a vibration.

v. Most humans can hear sounds ranging between 20 and 16,000 hertz.

vi. Sound needs a medium to travel through.

vii. Sound travels fastest through a solid medium.

viii. Sound travels most slowly through a gaseous medium.

ix. Bats use a property of sound called echoes to tell where they are going.

x. A mouse can hear a sound up to 102,000 Hz.

4. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Define the following terms. a. sound b. vibration c. echo d. frequency

ANSWER: a. sound is a form of energy. It is produced by vibrations and travels in waves. b. A vibration is a recurring disturbance or movement that transfers energy through matter. c. An echo is the bouncing back of a sound wave from one surface to another. d. frequency is the number of vibrations per second.

QUESTION: ii. Explain in your own words how sounds are made and how they travel through the air.

ANSWER: ii. Explain in your own words how sounds are made and how they travel through the air. Students will use their own words.

QUESTION: iii. In what conditions do sounds echo?

ANSWER: iii. In what conditions do sounds echo? A sound made in a large, empty room or space produces an echo.

QUESTION: iv. In terms of their waves, how are noise and musical notes different from each other?

ANSWER: iv. In terms of their waves, how are noise and musical notes different from each other? Irregular, repetitive sound waves create noise, while regular, repetitive waves produce musical notes.

QUESTION: v. Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain your answer.

ANSWER: v. Can sound travel in a vacuum? Explain your answer. No, sound cannot travel in a vacuum because sound needs a medium to travel through.

5. UNSCRAMBLE THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

i. itvrinoba

ii. saewv

m. tzrhe

iv. rqueetoyn

v. hoce

vi. odsun

vii. yeerng

answers:

i. itvrinoba vibration

ii. saewv waves

iii. tzrhe hertz

iv. rqueefcyn frequency

v. hoce echo

vi. odsun sound

vii. yeerng energy

PART 5 THE EARTH AND SPACE

UNIT 13 THE MOVEMENT OF THE EARTH PAGE

EXERCISES:

1. CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER.

i. How many days does the Earth take to complete one orbit around the Sun? c. 365

ii. How many hours does the Earth take to complete one turn on its axis? a. 24 hours

iii. Which of the following is correct? Seasons are caused due to the c. revolution and tilted axis of the Earth.

iv. The fixed path of the Earth on which it moves around the Sun is called its b. orbit.

v. The time the Earth takes to rotate once on its axis is called a d. day.

2. MATCH EACH DEFINITION IN COLUMN A WITH THE TERMS IN COLUMN B

Column A ———————————————-Column B

i. the spinning of a body on its axis d. rotation

ii. the orbiting of one object around another c. revolution

iii. to lean, incline, slope, or slant e. tilt iv. the path in space of one body as it goes around another body b. orbit

v. the time the Earth takes to complete one rotation on its axis a. a day

3. FILL IN THE BLANKS.

i. The imaginary line on which the Earth rotates is called the axis.

ii. The movement of the Earth, causing day and night, is called rotation.

iii. The Earth moves around the Sun and this movement is called revolution.

iv. The Earth takes one day to spin once on its axis.

v. The Earth takes 365 days to complete one orbit around the Sun.

vi. The path in space of one body as it goes around another body is called an orbit.

vii. Changing seasons on the Earth are caused by the Earth’s tilt on its axis.

viii. The area of the Earth which leans towards the Sun has the summer/warmer season.

ix. The area of the Earth which leans away from the Sun has the winter/cooler season.

x. The time the Earth takes to rotate once on its axis is called a day.

4. ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.

QUESTION: i. Why is summer hotter than winter?

ANSWER: i. The Earth is tilted on its axis as it orbits the Sun, which causes different parts of the Earth to receive different amounts of heat and light. This tilt of the Earth’s axis creates the seasons. When the North Pole is tilted towards the Sun, the northern half, or hemisphere, is hot and has summer, while the southern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun.

QUESTION: ii. How many seasons are there? Name them

ANSWER: ii. There are four main seasons: spring, summer, autumn and winter.

5. MARK THESE SENTENCES WITH aOR X .

i. The Earth takes 364 days to revolve around the Sun. x

ii. The Earth spins on its axis. a

iii. The rotation and revolution of the Earth is what causes seasons. x

iv. The equator is an imaginary line running between the north and south poles. x

v. The Earth is divided by its axis into two hemispheres. x

vi. The Earth rotates from east to west.a

CORRECT THE SENTENCES THAT ARE WRONG AND WRITE THEM ALL IN YOUR NOTEBOOK.

i. The Earth takes 365 days to revolve around the Sun.

iii. The tilt and revolution of the Earth is what causes seasons.

iv. The axis is an imaginary line running between the north and south poles.

v. The Earth is divided by its equator into two hemispheres.

=========THE END===========

NOTES/solved Exercises: COMPUTER EDUCATION (AQUILINE) PCTB PAKISTAN 2020

NOTES COMPUTER EDUCATION (AQUILINE) PCTB PAKISTAN 2020

CONTENTS

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS PAGE: 1-28

1.1 WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

1.2 COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER

1. 3 HOW A COMPUTER WORKS?

UNIT 2: INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS PAGE: 29-58

2.1 STEPPING INTO WINDOWS

2.2 WORKING WITH WINDOWS

2.3 MANAGING FILES AND FOLDERS

UNIT 3: COMMONLY USED SOFTWARE PAGE: 59-114

3.1 WORKING WITH PAINT

3.2 USING A TYPING TUTOR

3.3 WORKING WITH WORD

3.4 USING MEDIA PLAYER

UNIT 4: THE LNTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB PAGE: 115-135

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO INTERNET

4.2 THE WORLD WIDE WEB

UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTERS PAGE: 1-28

EXERCISE

Q1 TICK THE RIGHT CHOICE

ANSWERS:

i. (a) data iv. (c) Microsoft windows vii. (a) system unit x. (d) printer xiii (b) output

ii. (b) information v. (c) qwerty viii.(c) digital camera xi. (b) central processing unit xiv. (d) printer

iii. (b) physical vi (b)input ix (a) microphone xii (b) permanent xv.(c) four

Q2 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

ANSWERS:

i. instructions iv. single vii. hoppy x. processing

ii. facts and figures v. input viii. versatile

iii. software vi. system mainboard ix. output

Q.3 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING.

I) COMPUTER

ANSWER: A computer is a machine that can be instructed to carry out sequences of arithmetic or logical operations automatically via computer programming.

II) MEMORY

ANSWER: Any device that holds computer data.

III) SOFTWARE

ANSWER: SOFTWARE the programs and other operating information used by a computer.

IV) HARD DISK

ANSWER: A device (usually within the computer case) that reads and writes information, including the operating system, program files, and data files

V) MOTHERBOARD

ANSWER: A motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in general-purpose computers and other expandable systems.

VI) PROCESSING OPERATION/ process manufacturing / process production

ANSWER: PROCESSING OPERATION is the mass production method of producing products in a continuous flow.

Q4 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING.

I) DATA AND INFORMATION

ANSWER: Information is a processed, organised data presented in a given context and is useful to humans. Data is an individual unit that contains raw material which does not carry any specific meaning. Information is a group of data that collectively carry a logical meaning.

II) SINGLE CLICK AND DOUBLE CLICK

ANSWER: A single click initiates a user interface (UI) action and a double–click extends the action. For example, one click usually selects an item, and a double–click edits the selected item. … One solution is to handle the double–click event and roll back the actions in the handling of the click event.

III) HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

ANSWER: Computer hardware is any physical device used in or with your machine, whereas software is a collection of programming code installed on your computer’s hard drive. In other words, hardware is something you can hold in your hand, whereas software cannot be held in your hand.

IV) CD AND DVD

ANSWER: CD, short for Compact Disc, is an optical medium that can store digital data. … A standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB of data. So DVD is widely used to store large files like video and movies. The capacity is the biggest difference between CD and DVD.

V) INPUT DEVICES AND OUTPUT DEVICES

ANSWER: An input device sends information to a computer system for processing, and an output device reproduces or displays the results of that processing. Input devices only allow for input of data to a computer and output devices only receive the output of data from another device.

VI) INPUT OPERATION AND OUTPUT OPERATION

ANSWER: The stream flowing from an input device like a keyboard to the main memory, it is called the Input Operation. On the other hand, streams that flow from the main memory to an output device like a screen is called an Output Operation.

Q.5 GIVE BRIEF ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

QUESTION NO. I) WRITE FIVE ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS.

ANSWER: ADVANTAGES OF USING COMPUTERS Increase your productivity. … Connects you to the Internet. … Can store vast amounts of information and reduce waste. … Helps sort, organize, and search through information. … Get a better understanding of data.

QUESTION NO. II) WHAT IS HARDWARE? WRITE THE NAMES OF FIVE HARDWARE DEVICES.

ANSWER: HARDWARE Hardware is the physical computer equipment. Hardware Monitor. Motherboard. CPU(Microprocessor. Main memory(RAM) Power supply unit.

QUESTION NO. III) WRITE FUNCTIONS OF THE FOLLOWING KEYBOARD KEYS. A) TAB B) ESC C) ENTER D) SHIFT E) CAPS LOCK

ANSWER: a) The tab key Tab ↹ (tabulator key or tabular key) on a keyboard is used to advance the cursor to the next tab stop. B) ESC An electronic speed control or ESC is an electronic circuit that controls and regulates the speed of an electric motor. C) ENTER (Return key), on a keyboard, the Enter key sends the cursor to the next line or executes a command or operation. D) SHIFT Shift functions horizontally and vertically, and practice the relationship between the graphical and the algebraic representations of those shifts. E) CAPS LOCK The Caps Lock key (toggle key) allows you to switch the letters on your keyboard from lowercase to uppercase.

QUESTION NO. IV) WHAT DOES A PROCESSOR DO?

ANSWER: Central Processing Unit, (The CPU/processor) is the main chip in a computer responsible for carrying out all tasks. It’s responsible for telling all the other components in a computer what to do, according to the instructions it is given by the programs (software) running on that computer.

QUESTION NO. V) WHAT IS MEMORY? IS IT A TEMPORARY STORAGE DEVICE?

ANSWER: Memory refers to the processes that are used to acquire, store, retain, and later retrieve information. There are three major processes involved in memory: encoding, storage, and retrieval. THERE ARE TWO TYPES OF MEMORY RAM(random access memory) is volatile memory that temporarily stores the files you are working on. ROM(read-only memory) is non-volatile memory that permanently stores instructions for your computer.

QUESTION NO. VI) WRITE A SHORT NOTE ON HARD DISK

ANSWER: A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer storage device containing magnetic disks or platters rotating at high speeds. It is a secondary storage device used to store data permanently, random access memory (RAM) being the primary memory device.

QUESTION NO. VII) WRITE ADVANTAGES OF USB HASH MEMORY.

ANSWER: Advantages of Flash Memory Increased Durability. Maximum Portability.Plenty of Storage Capacity. Fast Transfer Speeds.Compatibility with Many Devices.

QUESTION NO. VIII) EXPLAIN DIFFERENT TYPES OF MONITORS.

ANSWER: TYPES OF MONITORS CRT (CATHODE RAY TUBE) MONITORS These monitors employ CRT technology, which was used most commonly in the manufacturing of television screens. With these monitors, a stream of intense high energy electrons is used to form images on a fluorescent screen. A cathode ray tube is basically a vacuum tube containing an electron gun at one end and a fluorescent screen at another end. While CRT monitors can still be found in some organizations, many offices have stopped using them largely because they are heavy, bulky, and costly to replace should they break. While they are still in use, it would be a good idea to phase these monitors out for cheaper, lighter, and more reliable monitors. LCD (LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) MONITORS The LCD monitor incorporates one of the most advanced technologies available today. Typically, it consists of a layer of color or monochrome pixels arranged schematically between a couple of transparent electrodes and two polarizing filters. Optical effect is made possible by polarizing the light in varied amounts and making it pass through the liquid crystal layer. The two types of LCD technology available are the active matrix of TFT and a passive matrix technology. TFT generates better picture quality and is more secure and reliable. Passive matrix, on the other hand, has a slow response time and is slowly becoming outdated. The advantages of LCD monitors include their compact size which makes them lightweight. They also don’t consume much electricity as CRT monitors, and can be run off of batteries which makes them ideal for laptops. Images transmitted by these monitors don’t get geometrically distorted and have little flicker. However, this type of monitor does have disadvantages, such as its relatively high price, an image quality which is not constant when viewed from different angles, and a monitor resolution that is not always constant, meaning any alterations can result in reduced performance. LED (LIGHT-EMITTING DIODES) MONITORS LED monitors are the latest types of monitors on the market today. These are flat panel, or slightly curved displays which make use of light-emitting diodes for back-lighting, instead of cold cathode fluorescent (CCFL) back-lighting used in LCDs. LED monitors are said to use much lesser power than CRT and LCD and are considered far more environmentally friendly.

QUESTION NO. IX) WHAT IS A MODEM? EXPLAIN ITS DIFFERENT TYPES.

ANSWER: MODEM Modem is short for “Modulator-Demodulator.” It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device. Types of Modems • Modems can be of several types and they can be categorized in a number of ways. • Categorization is usually based on the following basic modem features: 1. Directional capacity: half duplex modem and full duplex modem. 2. Connection to the line: 2-wire modem and 4-wire modem. 3. Transmission mode: asynchronous modem and synchronous modem.

QUESTION NO. X) EXPLAIN THE OUTPUT OPERATION OF A COMPUTER.

ANSWER: Output (Data generated by a computer). This includes data produced at a software level, such as the result of a calculation, or at a physical level, such as a printed document. A basic example of software output is a calculator program that produces the result of a mathematical operation.

Q.6 MATCH COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B AND WRITE THE NUMBERS OF MATCHING PAIRS IN COLUMN C.

ANSWERS:

(I-F)(II-A)(III-B)(IV-J)(V-K)(VI-H)(VII-C)(VIII-I)(IX-E)(X-D)

Q.7 LABEL THE FOLLOWING KEYBOARD.

UNIT 2: INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWS PAGE: 29-58

EXERCISE

Q1 TICK THE RIGHT CHOICE

Answers:

i. (a) Microsoft windows iv. (d) bottom vii. (d) my computer x (a) status xiii (a) copy

ii. (c) desktop v. (c) recycle bin viii (b) window xi. (c) file xiv. (b)shift

iii. (c) start menu vi. (c) notiﬁcation area ix (c) title xii. (a) envelopes xv. (c) drive

Q2 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

ANSWERS:

i. icons iv. restore vii. taskbar x folders

ii. internet explorer v. scroll viii. three

iii. menu vi. maximize ix. extension

Q3 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING.

I) DESKTOP AND START MENU.

ANSWER: desktop A desktop computer is a personal computer designed for regular use at a single location. Start menu The Microsoft Windows Start menu is the primary location in Windows to locate your installed programs and find any files or folders.

II) MY DOCUMENTS ICON AND MY COMPUTER ICON.

ANSWER: My Documents My Documents is the commonly recognized name of a special folder in Microsoft Windows . My Computer The My Computer folder’s primary purpose is to provide a shortcut to Windows Explorer. The system-level window displays all the hard drives, external drives and storage cards.

III) MAXIMIZE BUTTON AND MINIMIZE BUTTON.

ANSWER: Minimize button The Minimize button shrinks the window and places it on the taskbar while leaving the program running. Maximize button The Maximize button is used to enlarge a window to cover the entire desktop. After a window is maximized, the Maximize button changes to the Restore button.

IV) FILE AND FOLDER.

ANSWER: file A file is the common storage unit in a computer, and all programs and data are “written” into a file and “read” from a file. folder A folder holds one or more files, and a folder can be empty until it is filled. … In fact, files that contain text are often called documents.

V) COPY A FILE/FOLDER AND CUT A file/FOLDER

ANSWER: COPY A FILE/FOLDER In digital file management, file FOLDER copying/ cutting is the creation of a new file FOLDER which has the same content as an existing file.

Q.4 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING.

I) DESKTOP

ANSWER: desktop A desktop is a term commonly used to describe a desktop computer or system unit.

II) FOLDER

ANSWER: FOLDER a folding cover or holder, typically made of stiff paper or card, for storing loose papers.

III) START MENU

ANSWER: START MENU The Start menu is a graphical user interface element used in Microsoft Windows and in some other operating systems. It provides a central launching point for computer programs and performing other tasks.

IV) A WINDOW

ANSWER: WINDOW A window is a separate viewing area on a computer display screen in a system that allows multiple viewing areas as part of a graphical user interface ( GUI ).

V) TASK BAR

ANSWER: TASK BAR a bar at the edge of the display of a graphical user interface that allows quick access to current or favourite applications.

Q.5 GIVE BRIEF ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

QUESTION NO. I) DESCRIBE THE STEPS OF THE STARTUP PROCEDURE OF THE WINDOWS.

ANSWER: The normal startup sequence for Windows is: Power-on self test (POST) phase.Initial startup phase.Windows Boot Manager phase.Windows Boot Loader phase.Kernel loading phase.Logon phase.

QUESTION NO. II) WHAT IS START MENU?

ANSWER: Start menu is the primary location in Windows to locate your installed programs and find any files or folders.

QUESTION NO. III) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF THE NOTIFICATION AREA.

ANSWER: The notification area is a portion of the taskbar that provides a temporary source for notifications and status. It can also be used to display icons for system and program features that have no presence on the desktop.

QUESTION NO. IV) HOW MANY WAYS ARE THERE TO OPEN A WINDOW/PROGRAM IN WINDOWS?

ANSWER: TASKBAR KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS On Windows 7, you can press the Windows key along with a number to quickly launch the corresponding application on your taskbar. START MENU SEARCH You can use the Start menu’s search feature to launch a program with just a few key presses. For this, press the Windows key on your keyboard. CUSTOM SHORTCUT KEY If you launch an application frequently, you can assign a custom keyboard shortcut to it. RUN DIALOG You can also use the Run dialog to quickly launch applications. Open it by pressing WinKey+R.

QUESTION NO. V) WHAT IS A DRIVE?

ANSWER: DRIVE A drive is a computer component used to store data. It may be a static storage device or may use removable media.

QUESTION NO. VI) WHAT IS A FILE? WRITE THE PARTS OF A FILE WITH AN EXAMPLE.

ANSWER: FILE A file is an object on a computer that stores data, information, settings, or commands used with a computer program. Files consist of three parts… 1. The file name (allaboutme.ppt) – The file name is what you save or call the file…”allaboutme” in this example. 2. The dot (allaboutme.ppt) – The “dot” separates the file name from the file extension. 3. The file extension (allaboutme.ppt) – The file extension tells the computer what software.

QUESTION NO. VII) HOW CAN A USER CREATE A FOLDER USING RIGHT CLICK MENU?

ANSWER: To create a folder, right–click, then select New>Folder. Right–click in File Explorer, then select New>Folder. In Windows 7, there is a New folder button near the top of the window. In Windows 10, you can also click the Home tab, then the New Folder button.

QUESTION NO. VIII) WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF FOLDERS? EXPLAIN BRIEFLY WITH AN EXAMPLE.

ANSWER: Folders help you keep your files organized and separate. If you had no folders on your computer, your documents, programs, and operating system files would all be located in the same place. Folders also allow you to have more than one file with the same file name. EXAMPLES: You might store your digital photos in a “Pictures” folder, your audio files in a “Music” folder, and your word processing documents in a “Documents” folder.

QUESTION NO. IX) WRITE THE NAMES OF FIVE DIFFERENT PARTS OF A WINDOW.

ANSWER: PARTS OF A WINDOWS IN COMPUTER The Title Bar. At the top of every window is the title bar. …Minimize, Maximize, Close Buttons. In the upper right-hand corner of the window are the three buttons used to minimize, maximize, and close the window. The Scroll Bar. The Menu Bar.

QUESTION NO. X) WHAT ARE ICONS? WRITE NAMES OF THE DESKTOP ICONS.

ANSWER: ICONS An icon is a small graphical representation of a program or file. Common desktop icons; Computer, your personal folder, Network, the Recycle Bin, Internet Explorer, and Control Panel.

Q.6 MATCH COLUMNS.

Answers: (i-j)(ii-e)(iii-f)(iv-i)(v-c)(vii-g)(viii-d)(ix-b)(x-h)

UNIT 3: COMMONLY USED SOFTWARE PAGE: 59-114

EXERCISE

Q1 TICK THE RIGHT CHOICE

ANSWERS:

i (a) graphics iv. (a) spray ii.(a) asdf and jkl; x (a) ms word xiii.(b) right

ii. (b) shift v. (d) fill with color viii (d)typing speed xi. (a) Microsoft office button xiv. (a) media player

iii. (b) tex! vi. (b) magniﬁer ix (a) asdf xii.(a) ribbons xv. (c) tum off

Q2 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

ANSWERS:

i. freehand iv. thumb vii. text editing x. stop

ii. spray v. word viii. ctl+b

iii. asdf and jkl vi. groups ix grammatical

Q3 DEFINE THE FOLLOWINGS.

I) TEXT EDITING

ANSWER: TEXT EDITING The ability to change text by adding, deleting and rearranging letters, words, sentences and paragraphs. Text editing is the main operation users perform in word processors, which typically also handle graphics and other multimedia files.

II) RIBBON

ANSWER: A ribbon is a graphical control element in the form of a set of toolbars placed on several tabs. The typical structure of a ribbon includes large, tabbed toolbars, filled with graphical buttons and other graphical control elements, grouped by functionality.

III) TOOL BOX

ANSWER: A toolbox is a window or pane that contains icons and buttons that are tools in the program.

IV) PLAYBACK CONTROLS

ANSWER: PBC, playback control is a way top control disc play on VCDs. Playback control allows users to interact with the disc through menus.

V) TEXT ALIGNMENT

ANSWER: Text alignment is a word processing software feature that allows users to horizontally align text on a page/document. It enables the composition of a text document using different text positioning on the whole or selected part of a page.

Q.4 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING.

I) BRUSH TOOL AND PENCIL TOOL

ANSWER: BRUSH TOOL In graphics and image-editing programs, the brush tool is an element of the painting tool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) PENCIL TOOL The Pencil tool is used to draw free hand lines with a hard edge. The pencil and paintbrush are similar tools.

II) DELETE KEY AND BACKSPACE KEY

ANSWER: DELETE KEY (DEL) Delete key is used to remove characters and other objects. BACKSPACE KEY ← Backspace is the keyboard key that originally pushed the typewriter carriage one position backwards and in modern computer systems moves the display cursor one position backwards, deletes the character at that position, and shifts back the text after that position by one position.

III) FOREGROUND AND BACKGROUND COLOR BOXES

ANSWER: FOREGROUND The foreground contains the applications the user is working on, and the background contains the applications that are behind the scenes, such as certain operating system functions, printing a document or accessing the network. BACKGROUND COLOR BOXES They help bring more color and highlight sections of information on a page.

IV) PAUSE BUTTON AND STOP BUTTON

ANSWER: PAUSE BUTTON “Pause Break” key. The primary function was to pause a game or pause a scrolling output, to interrupt a modem connection and so on. STOP BUTTON It is used to stop a computer game.

V) CUT TEXT AND COPY TEXT

ANSWER: CUT TEXT The act of transferring text from one part of a document to a different location within same computer. COPY TEXT The act of transferring text from one part of a document to a different location within same computer.

Q.5 GIVE BRIEF ANSWERS NO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

QUESTION NO. I) WHAT ARE THE USES OF PAINT?

ANSWER: Microsoft Paint (MS Paint) is a basic graphics/painting utility that is included in all the Microsoft Windows versions. MS Paint can be used to draw, colour and edit pictures, including imported pictures from a digital camera for example.

QUESTION NO. II) HOW CAN A USER DRAW A FREEHAND DRAWING A PAINT?

ANSWER: Microsoft Paint is an application software that allows us to do freehand drawing in computer. The images can be saved in JPEG, TIFF, PNG, and GIF and in Bitmap. It has several options such as “Fill tool”, “Pick Colour”, “Pencil and Brush”, “Airbrush” and “Text”(to write on images)

QUESTION NO. III) EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF HOME KEYS IN TYPING.

ANSWER: Why should fingers be placed on home row keys? Placing your fingers on the home row keys helps increase your typing speed because it allows easy access to all other keys surrounding those fingers.

QUESTION NO. IV) WRITE THE STEPS TO CREATE NEW WORD DOCUMENT.

ANSWER: To create a new blank document: Click the Microsoft Office button.Select New. The New Document dialog box appears.Select Blank document under the Blank and recent section. It will be highlighted by default.Click Create. A new blank document appears in the Word window.

QUESTION NO. V) WRITE THE NAMES OF DIFFERENT CASE OPTIONS IN WORD 2002?

ANSWER: These are the choices in the dialog box: Sentence Case. This option capitalizes the first letter of each sentence in the selection. Lowercase. This option makes all the selected text lowercase. Uppercase. This option capitalizes each letter in the selection. Title Case. Toggle Case.

QUESTION NO. VI) DEFINE THE FONT AND WRITE THE NAMES OF THREE FAMOUS FONTS.

ANSWER: FONT A font is a collection of characters with a similar design. These characters include lowercase and uppercase letters, numbers, punctuation marks, and symbols. THREE FAMOUS FONTS ARIALCALIBRITIMES NEW ROMANS

QUESTION NO. VII) EXPLAIN TEXT ALIGNMENT AND ITS DIFFERENT TYPES.

ANSWER: TEXT ALIGNMENT Text alignment primarily places the cursor or aligns the text with the different margins of the document. TYPES There are four different types of text alignment features, including: Right alignment: This starts each new line of the document on the right-most margin of the page. Left alignment: As the default alignment in most word processing software, it starts each line on the left-most margin. Center alignment: This positions and starts each new line/text block in the center/middle margin on the page. Justified alignment: This aligns text with right and left margins and tries to fill as much empty space as possible. It enables a straight margin on both of the page’s horizontal edges.

QUESTION NO. VIII) WRITE DOWN THE STEPS TO ACCESS MEDIA PLAYER IN THE WINDOWS?

ANSWER: How to Use Windows Media Player in Windows Click Windows Media Player’s Organize button and choose Manage Libraries from the drop-down menu to reveal a pop-out menu. …From the pop-out menu, choose the name of the type of files you’re missing.Click the Add button, select the folder or drive containing your files, click the Include Folder button, and click OK.

QUESTION NO. IX) WRITE NAME OF THE TOOL USED TO DRAW CURVES.

ANSWER: The curved line drawing tool is used to create curved or straight lines. The curve tools include: the Freehand tool, the 2-Point Line tool, the Bezier tool, the Artistic Media tool, the Pen tool, the B-Spline tool, the Polyline tool, and the 3-Point Curve tool.

QUESTION NO. X) HOW CAN WE DRAW A CIRCLE IN PAINT?

ANSWER: You can force the MS Paint ellipse tool to draw a circle by holding ⇧ Shift while you click and drag the mouse. You can also snap an ellipse into a circle by holding ⇧ Shift after the ellipse is drawn, but before releasing the mouse button.

Q6 MATCH COLUMN A WITH COLUMN B AND WRITE THE NUMBER OF MATCHING PAIRS IN COLUMN C

ANSWERS:

(i-d)(ii-c)(iii-f)(iv-g)(v-e)(vi-a)(vii-h)(viii-b)

Q7:

ANSWERS:

(i-j)(ii-g)(iii-f)(iv-h)(v-)(vi-c)(vii-a)(viii-e) (ix-i)(x-d)

UNIT 4: THE LNTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB PAGE: 115-135

EXERCISE

Q1 TICK THE RIGHT CHOICE

ANSWERS:

i. (a) internet iv. (a) digital subscriber line vii (b) web browser x (a) web page xiii. (a) url

ii. (c) instant messaging v. (a) two viii.(d) world wide web xi (a) website xiv. (b) msn

iii(b) internet service provider vi. (d) ptcl ix (b) the web xii. (b) cable tv xv. (d) search engine

Q2 FILL IN THE BLANKS.

ANSWERS:

i Network iv. System Unit vii. internet Explorer x. Google

ii. E-mail v. ISP viii. Address bar

iii. Online vi. Telephone ix. Home

Q.3 DEFINE THE FOLLOWING.

I) INTERNET

ANSWER: The Internet is a massive network of networks, a networking infrastructure. It connects millions of computers together globally, forming a network in which any computer can communicate with any other computer as long as they are both connected to the Internet.

II) WORLD WIDE WEB

ANSWER: The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, such as https://example.com/ ), which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet.

III) DSL

ANSWER: A digital subscriber line (DSL) modem is a device used to connect a computer or router to a telephone line which provides the digital subscriber line service for connection to the Internet, which is often called DSL broadband.

IV) WEB BROWSER

ANSWER: A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. When a user requests a web page from a particular website, the web browser retrieves the necessary content from a web server and then displays the page on the user’s device.

V) WEB SITE

ANSWER: A website is a presence on the World Wide Web. … Rendered with various spellings (“Web site,” “web site” and “Website“), a website is a collection of Web pages (files) coded in HTML that are linked to each other and to pages on other sites.

VI) URL

ANSWER: A Uniform Resource Locator (URL), colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it. A URL is a specific type of Uniform Resource Identifier (URI), although many people use the two terms interchangeably.

Q4 GIVE BRIEF ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.

QUESTION NO. I) USE FIVE USES OF THE INTERNET.

ANSWER: USES OF THE INTERNET Electronic mail. Research.Downloading files.Education Electronic newspapers and magazines.

QUESTION NO. II) WRITE STEPS TO CONNECTING TO THE INTERNET

ANSWER: Connect a PC to your wireless network Select the Network or icon in the notification area.In the list of networks, choose the network that you want to connect to, and then select Connect.Type the security key (often called the password).Follow additional instructions if there are any.

QUESTION NO. III) DEFINE MODEM AND ITS TYPES

ANSWER: A modem or broadband modem is a hardware device that connects a computer or router to a broadband network. MODEM TYPES a cable modem DSL modem

QUESTION NO. IV) WRITE NAMES OF SOME POPULAR WEB BROWSERS.

ANSWER: TOP WEB BROWSERS Google Chrome. Firefox. Safari. Internet Explorer. Opera.

QUESTION NO. V) WHAT ARE THE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN DIAL-UP AND DSL CONNECTIONS?

ANSWER: Differences between dialup and DSL Dialup DSL Occupy a phone line Phone line is used for either voice service or internet connection Phone line is not affected by internet connection Simultaneous transmission of data (DSL) and voice or fax services Connection speed: < 56 Kbps 256 Kbps to 20 Mbps Have to dial an access number to connect to the internet Always on Connected using a computer modem Connected through a DSL modem Unique IP address for each connection Static IP address (higher security risk) Low monthly fee Higher monthly fee Easy setup, no setup fee Self installation is usually free. A setup fee is needed if installed by a technician. Available to everyone with a phone line Not every phone line is equipped for DSL service. May not be available in some remote / rural areas.

QUESTION NO. VI) HOW CAN WE ACCESS WEBSITES IN MICROSOFT WIND0WS?

ANSWER: Swipe in from the right edge of the screen (OR press the Windows + C keys), and then tap or click Search. Enter Internet options in the search box, and then tap or click Settings. In the search results, tap or click Internet Options.

QUESTION NO. VII) DESCRIBE CABLE MODEM INTERNET CONNECTION.

ANSWER: A cable modem is a hardware device that allows your computer to communicate with an Internet service provider over a landline connection. It converts an analog signal to a digital signal for the purpose of granting access to broadband Internet. … Network routers share your Internet connection between multiple computers.

QUESTION NO. VIII) DESCRIBE THE FUNCTION OF REFRESH, STOP, NED, BACK AND STOP BUTTONS IN INTERNET EXPLORER.

ANSWER: REFRESH: Clicking the Refresh button (the curly arrow to the right of the Address field) reloads the contents of the current web page, which allows the web server to update the page with any new information. STOP : This option is wonderfully self-explanatory. If a page is loading, the Refresh button turns into a Stop button (which looks like an X), and you can click it to cancel a page from loading. NEXT If you click Back, you need a way to return, right? Click the Forward button to go to the next page (or pages) where you originally were, in forward order. From the keyboard, you can press Alt+→ to move forward. BACK With a click or tap of the Back button, Internet Explorer returns to the last page you visited, and each subsequent use of the Back button takes you one more page back. You can also press Alt+<– on your keyboard to move backward.

QUESTION NO. IX) HOW CAN WE SEARCH A WEB PAGE USING SEARCH ENGINE?

ANSWER: To perform a search, you’ll need to navigate to a search engine in your web browser, type one or more keywords—also known as search terms—then press Enter on your keyboard. In this example, we’ll search for recipes. After you run a search, you’ll see a list of relevant websites that match your search terms.

QUESTION NO. X) WRITE NAMES AND URLS OF SOME POPULAR SEARCH ENGINES.

ANSWER: List of POPULAR Search Engines Google. Bing. Yahoo. Baidu. AOL. Ask.com. Excite. DuckDuckGo.

Q.5 DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THE FOLLOWING.

I) INTERNET AND WORLD WIDE WEB

ANSWER: The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks. In contrast, the World Wide Web is a global collection of documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URIs.

II) CHATTING AND INSTANT MESSAGING

ANSWER: Chat and instant messaging (IM) are short messages sent and read in real time, allowing you to converse more quickly and easily than email. Chat and IM are generally used when both (or all) people are online, so your message can be read immediately.

III) WEB PAGE AND WEBSITE

ANSWER: WEB PAGE. A document which can be displayed in a web browser such as Firefox, Google Chrome, Opera, Microsoft Internet Explorer or Edge, or Apple’s Safari. A collection of web pages which are grouped together and usually connected together in various ways. Often called a “web site” or simply a “site.”

IV) TELEPHONE MODEMS AND CABLE MODEMS

ANSWER: TELEPHONE MODEMS A dial-up modem transmits computer data over an ordinary switched telephone line that has not been designed for data use. CABLE MODEMS A cable modem is a type of network bridge that provides bi-directional data communication via radio frequency channels on a hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC), radio frequency over glass (RFoG) and coaxial cable infrastructure. Cable modems are primarily used to deliver broadband Internet access in the form of cable Internet, taking advantage of the high bandwidth of a HFC and RFoG network.

V) WEB BROWSER AND SEARCH ENGINE

ANSWER: Difference between Search Engine and Web Browser: SEARCH ENGINE WEB BROWSER A search engine is used to find the information in the World Wide Web and displays the results at one place. Web Browser uses the search engine to retrieve and view the information from web pages present on the web servers.

Q.6 LABEL THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM

ANSWERS:

(i-)(ii-)(iii-)(iv-)(v-)(vi-)(vii-)(viii-)(ix-)(x-)

Q.7 LABEL THE FOLLOWING DIAGRAM

ANSWERS:

(i-)(ii-)(iii-)(iv-)(v-)(vi-)(vii-)(viii-)(ix-)(x-)

Q.8 MATCH COLUMN A WITH COLUMN 8 AND WRITE THE NUMBCRS OF MATCHING PAIRS IN COLUMN C.

ANSWERS:

(i-k)(ii-l)(iii-a)(iv-f)(v-e)(vi-c)(vii-g)(viii-j)(ix-b)(x-h)

=======ALHAMDOLILAH=======

NOTES/SOLVED EXERCISES ENGLISH FOR GRADE 6 (VI) (PCTB) BY M. GHULAM MUHAMMAD BAIG

NOTES/SOLVED EXERCISES ENGLISH FOR GRADE 6 (VI) (PCTB) BY M. GHULAM MUHAMMAD BAIG

LESSON NO. 1 FAIR DEALING OF HADRAT MUHAMMADﷺ PAGE: 1-5

VOCABULARY

MATCH THE WORDS WITH MEANING IN CONTEXT.


business:famous:friends:incidents:trustworthy.	occupation, *trade, industryprominent, well-known, renownedcompanions, helpers, groupshappenings, events, circumstancesloyal, responsible, reliable*

READING FOR COMPREHENSION

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION: 1 What made the Rasool ﷺ famous even before his nabuwat?

ANSWER: His honesty and fair dealing with people made the Rasool ﷺ famous before his NABUWAT.

QUESTION: 2 Why did Hazrat Khadijah رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنھا decide to marry Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ?

ANSWER: Hazrat Khadijah رضی اللہ تعالیٰ عنھا decided to marry Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ because of his honesty and fair dealing with people.

QUESTION: 3 Why did the Rasool ﷺ instruct his companions to be fair in business dealing?

ANSWER: Rasool ﷺ instructed his companions to be fair in business dealing because honesty and trustworthy marchant is associated with the prophets, uprights and martyrs.

QUESTION: 4 What is the impact of avoiding doubtful things in business dealing?

ANSWER: Who avoids doubtful things in business dealing keeps his religion and honour blameless.

QUESTION: 5 How can we be honest and fair in our dealing?

ANSWER: We be honest and fair in our dealing by following the teachings of Hadrat Muhammadﷺ.

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE WORDS.

1- In his young age, he became a ————————–(TRADER).

2- The people of Makkah were much impressed by his trading——————————(SKILLS AND FAIR DEALING).

3- The truthful and trustworthy merchant is ———————-(ASSOCIATED)with the Anbiya, the Uprights and the Martyrs.

4- He who guards against —————–(DOUBTFUL)things keeps his religion and

his honour blameless.

5- Allah shows———————–(MERCY) to the mcm who is kind when he sells, when he buys and when he makes a claim.

DICTIONARY SKILLS

G: FIND THE MEANING OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN THE DICTIONARY.

WORDS	MEANINGS
ENTERPRISE
REGRET
EXCHANGE
PROTEST
REWARD
SACRIFICE
BRIDLE

GRAMMAR

A: FILL IN THE BLANKS USING THE COMMON NOUNS GIVEN BELOW.

(beggar, actor, liar, lawyer, sailor)

A person who sails on the water is called a —————————-
A person who acts in a play is called an —————————-
A person who tells lies is called a —————————-
A person who begs is called a —————————-
A person who has studied law is called a ———————-

Answers: (1- sailor)(2- actor)(3- liar)(4- beggar)(5- lawyer)

WRITING SKILLS

B. PICK OUT FIVE PROPER NOUNS FROM THE LESSON.

C. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH PROPER NOUNS.

My name is ————————————————————

I live in ————————————————————

My birthday is in ————————————————————

My favourite day of the week is —————————————————

The name of my school is ————————————————————

D: USE AN APOSTROPHE TO MAKE POSSESSIVE NOUNS.

Maria’s computer —————————————-

Sana’s sister —————————————-

The teachers’ papers —————————————-

Lata’s pencil —————————————-

My parents’ house —————————————-

E. NOW USE THESE PHRASES IN SENTENCES IN YOUR OWN.

F: READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES TAKEN FROM THE LESSON AND UNDERLINE SIMPLE PAST VERBS.

In his young age, he became a trader.
He traded with other people’s money with great care.
The Rasool ﷺ advised his companions to avoid doubtful things in business dealing.
The Rasool ﷺ gave great importance to fair business dealing.

G: USE SIMPLE PAST VERBS TO COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES.

I —————saw————– a snake last night. (see)

She———–came—————— late yesterday. (come)

They ————went—————–for a walk on Sunday. (go)

We ———————played——– football lust week. (play)

She —————-wrote————-a long story in the test. (write)

I: GIVE THE PRONUNCIATION OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS AS GIVEN IN YOUR DICTIONARY.


age proﬁt honesty famous advised

WRITING SKILLS

A: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE.

Examples: He bought a new pen.

He did not buy a new pen; (negative)

Did he buy a new pen? (interrogative)

1 . Birds ﬂew in the air.

Birds did not ﬂow in the air.(negative)

Did birds ﬂow in the air?(interrogative)

2. They worked hard in exams.

They did not work hard in exams.(negative)

Did they work hard in exams?(interrogative)

3. We looked at the map.

We did not look at the map.(negative)

Did we look at the map?(interrogative)

4. The man killed a snake.

The man did not kill a snake.(negative)

Did the man kill a snake?(interrogative)

5. I wrote a letter.

I did not write a letter.(negative)

Did I write a letter?(interrogative)

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

GROUP ACTIVITY

PROOF READING ACTIVITY

LESSON NO. 2 SURROUNDED BY TRASH PAGE:

A: READING FOR COMPREHENSION

VOCABULARY

FIND THE MEANING OF THESE WORDS IN YOUR DICTIONARY. USE THESE WORDS IN SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN.

deposit, rotten, cigarette butts, guilty consequences

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION: 1 What is littering?

ANSWER: Littering is the increasingly prevalent bad habit of thoughtlessly throwing away or leaving rubbish lying around in public places instead of using the rubbish bins or wastepaper baskets provided.

QUESTION: 2 What excuse do people give about littering public places?

ANSWER:

QUESTION:3 What diseases can spread due to littering?

ANSWER:

QUESTION:4 How do our good and bad habits affect our environment?

ANSWER:

GRAMMAR

A. PICK OUT AND WRITE UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS FROM THE LESSON.

B. COMPLETE THE PUZZLES WITH THE HELP OF GIVEN CLUES.


Bees collect it. We use it to make bread. This fruit keeps the doctor away. We drink tea in them. We drink it when we are thirsty. We use them to write with. We use it to make sweets. We read them. Children play with it on the beach It tells us the time.	H F A C W P S B S C

D. FILL IN THE BLANKS USING “A” OR “AN” WHERE NECESSARY.

1. ———a——— student is in the classroom
———–a——- food is in the cupboard.
————-a—– paper is in my bug.
—————an— ink-pot is on the table.
—————–a- boy is in the car.
—————–an- apple is in the plate.

E. TICK THE RIGHT BALL AFTER EACH STATEMENT.


I keep a plastic bag with me to avoid littering.I switch lights off when I leave a room.I tum my TV or computer off when I don’t need it.I clean my teeth by putting water into cx glass.At school I switch off lights when the room is empty.	Always Always Always Always Always

E: UNDERLINE SIMPLE PRESENT FORM OF VERBS FROM THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

Lots of people come here for fun, for work and for enjoyment, and when they go back home, they leave behind a mountain of smelly trash and dirty rubbish.
Many people think that it is all right to litter as it is the duty of sweepers to keep the area clean.
Wherever we go, we create a mess.
Rotten fruits and decaying food stuffs emit poisonous gases and bad smell which are extremely harmful for our health.

G. TICK THE RIGHT OPTION.

They never —————————–to see us. (come, comes)

I always ——————————my teeth twice a day. (clean, cleans)

This train often——————————-late. (arrive, arrives)

Our team never——————————(lose, loses)

Salma never———————————-the library. (visit, visits)

H. CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE & INTERROGCLTIVE.

Example:

She comes early.

She does not come early (negative)

Does she come early? (interrogative)

I read the book.

I do not read the book. (negative)

I read the book? (interrogative)

The baby plays with toys.

The baby does not play with toys. (negative)

Do I read the book? (interrogative)

We buy fruit.

I do not read the book. (negative)

Do I read the book? (interrogative)

You drink milk everyday

You do not drink milk everyday. (negative)

Do you drink milk everyday? (interrogative)

He speaks the truth.

He does not speak the truth. (negative)

Does he speak the truth? (interrogative)

I: REWRITE THE SENTENCES GIVEN BELOW USING COMMAS WHERE NEEDED:

India, Pakistan, China and Singapore are Asian countries.
Here are roses, orchids, sunﬂowers and lilies in the basket.
Mrs. Khan buys apples, oranges, peaches and water-melons.
There are many cars, buses and trucks on the road.
There are chairs, a table, a cupboard and a television in this room.

I. WITH THE HELP OF YOUR DICTIONARY BREAK THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN SYLLABLES.


People garbage scattered extremely planet

WRITING SKILLS

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS

GROUP ACTIVITY

LESSON NO.3 CHITRAL VALLEY PAGE:

VOCABULARY

SOME MEANINGS ARE GIVEN BELOW IN COLUMN A. READ THE LESSON AND FIND OUT WORDS WHICH HAVE THE SAME MEANINGS. WRITE THEM IN COLUMN ‘B’ .


low areas between hills, with stream or river having a liking forquick and noisy movements or activitiespersons travelling for pleasuresmall round piece of glass, stone, etc. pierced for threading with others

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

A: ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

QUESTION: 1 Where is Chitral Valley situated?

ANSWER: Chitral Valley situated in the North of Pakistan.

QUESTION: 2 What is the head-dress of the Kalash women?

ANSWER: The head-dress of the Kalash women is a dress which is decorated with different buttons, shells and beads.

QUESTION:3 What is the main attraction for tourists in Chitral Valley?

ANSWER: The culture and tradition of the Kalash people is the main attraction for tourists in Chitral Valley.

QUESTION: 4 Why do we call the people of Chitral Valley “Kalash”?

ANSWER: We call the people of Chitral Valley “Kalash” because they wear black dresses.

QUESTION:5 What do you like the most about Kalash people?

ANSWER: I like the most about Kalash people their culture and tradition.

B: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE MOST APPROPRIATE CHOICE GIVEN AFTER EACH SENTENCE.

1- The natural beauty of Chitral attracts the ———————

(a)people (b) tourists (c) children (d) workers

2- The Kalash women wear ———————————dress.

(a) red (b) white (c) black (d) yellow

3- The Kalash people perform their special————————–at different festivals.

(a) feats (b) tricks (c) dances (d) performance

4- The Kalarsh people live in simple houses made of——————— and mud.

(a) bricks (b) stones (c) cement (d) wood

GRAMMAR:

A: FILL IN THE BLANKS USING ‘A’, ‘AN’. OR ‘THE’ AS NEEDED.

We see ———–a———- moon at night.
Miss Saima puts——–an————- ice-cube into her lemonade.
This is —————a—— peacock. ——The————— peacock has colourful feathers.
Give me———an———— envelope. I will put my letter in————the——— envelope.
Zubair bought——–a——– new motorcycle. ——–the—– motorcycle is red in colour.

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY

LESSON NO.4 NIGHT (POEM) PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

Look up the meaning of these words in the dictionary. Use these words in sentences of your own.

descending, seek, bower, delight, nest

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

A. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION: 1 What is this poem about?

ANSWER: This poem is about the darkness and calmness of night.

QUESTION: 2 When do the stars shine?

ANSWER: The stars shine when the Sun is setting.

QUESTION:3 What does the night bring for us?

ANSWER: The night brings for us the moon, the stars, darkness and quietness.

QUESTION: 4 What makes the moon happy?

ANSWER: The heaven’s high bower makes the moon happy.

QUESTION:5 Why are the birds silent in their nests?

ANSWER: The birds silent in their nests because the night brings time for their rest in them.

(I) MAKE YOUR OWN SIMILES. HOW COULD I SOY THAT SOMEBODY:

runs fast ———————————————————————

is pretty———————————————————————

jumps well———————————————————————

is strong———————————————————————

(II) HOW COULD I SAY THAT SOMETHING:

feels soft ———————————————————————

is sweet———————————————————————

is heavy———————————————————————

sounds noisy———————————————————————

D: COMPLETE THE SUMMARY OF THE POEM USING THE FOLLOWING WORDS.

go, shine, enjoys, rest, set, like

The sun has ———- rest ——- and the evening stars—— shine ———- in the sky. Birds take—— rest —— in their nests and people also——– go ———- to their homes. The moon looks—– like —– a ﬂower and it also—— enjoys —— the night time.

GRAMMAR:

B: COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES USING A SUITABLE POSSESSIVE PRONOUN

1. He is carrying his new bag. it is ——————-his—————–

2. She is wearing her beautiful dress. It is————-hers———————–

3. I am buying an expensive watch. It is ———————mines—————.

4. They are ironing their shirts. These are ————————–their———-.

5. You are holding a story book. It is ———————-yours————–.

D: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH THE SUITABLE PREPOSITIONS.

1. Majid is coming back ————on—————–Monday

2. She plays——————————–in—- the afternoon.

3.Their plane will arrive —————-at—3 o’ clock.

4. He takes lessons————————–on— Sunday.

5. You can see me——————–at———- half past seven————–in———- the evening.

E: USE THE CORRECT FORM OF VERB GIVEN IN BRACKETS TO MAKE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

1 . I can’t come. I (learn) my lesson. I can’t come. I am learning my lesson.

2. What (you/ do) ? Mom is waiting for you. What are you doing ? Mom is waiting for you.

3. Look! My cat (play). Look! My cat is playing.

4. He (do) his homework. He is doing his homework.

5. Listen! That girl (cry). Listen! That girl is crying.

F: MAKE QUESTIONS IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

She is having a party.

Is she having a party?

1. We are waiting for the bus.

Are we waiting for the bus ?

2. She is going to work.

Is she going to work?

3. He is riding a bike.

Is he riding a bike?

4. We are travelling by train.

Are we travelling by train?

5. She is cooking mutton for supper.

Is she cooking mutton for supper?

6. They are playing football.

Are they playing football?

H: CHOOSE THE CORRECT WORD.

I could not get a —————- in the bus. (seat, sit)
A mosquito—————- me last night. (beat, bit)
My mother is cooking rice for—————- . (super, supper)
My grandmother —————- us stories. (tells, tales)
Saad —————- the ball and scored the goal. (hit, heat)
A —————- sails over water. (sheep, ship)

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

REVIEW 1

A: FILL IN THE BLANK WITH A/ AN / THE.

1. I will be there after ……..an….. .. hour.

2. This is …….the….. .. tallest building in ——the—— town.

She is ……an…… .. honest girl.

4———An————active child is …..a….. ..healthy child.

5———–An——ostrich is born in the zoo. Many children Want to go to the zoo to see ……the….. .. baby.

B: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INSERTING THE PLURAL FORM OF THE NOUNS IN BRACKETS.

1. The (girl) are playing with their (friend).

2.These (tree) shed their (leaf) in autumn.

3. The (man) gather (strawberry) to make jam.

4. The (sheep) graze in the (field).

5. Keep (knife) away from the reach of (child).

ANSWERS:

1. The (girls) are playing with their (friend).

2. These (trees) shed their (leaves) in autumn.

3. The (man) gather (strawberries) to make jam.

4. The (sheep) graze in the (fields).

5. Keep (knives) away from the reach of (children).

C: REWRITE THESE PHRASES USING APOSTROPHE.

1. The shop of my father ——————————————-

2. The cries of the monkeys——————————————-

3. The tail of the cat——————————————-

4. The wings of the birds ——————————————-

5. The clothes of the children ————————————–

ANSWERS:

My father’s shop
Monkeys’ cries
The cat’s tail
The birds’ wings
The children’s clothes

D: IDENTIFY DECLARATIVE, NEGATIVE, INTERROGATIVE IMPERATIVE & EXCLAMATORY SENTENCES.

1 . An aero plane ﬂew above clouds. —–d————————————–

2. The baby does not play with toys. —–n————————————–

3. ‘Wow! What a beautiful watch. ——–e———————————–

4. Shut the window. please. —————im—————————-

5. Are you going to the market? ———in———————————-

E: FILL IN THE BLANKS IN SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE. USING THE VERB IN BRACKETS.

1. She usually …….takes…… .. (take) a bus to school.

2. The teachers ….. encourage…… .. (encourage) the students to study hard

3.The students .. read.. .. (read) a storybook every Saturday

4. He ………is… .. (be) a good student in school.

5. You ……. paint….. .. (paint) the picture.

F: FILL IN THE BLANKS IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE USING THE CORRECT VERB GIVEN IN BRACKETS.

1. l …….felt….. .. (feel) very tired alter the long walk.

2.They …. visit. .. (visit) the zoo on last weekend.

3. She ..took… (take) many photographs of the animals.

4. Everyone ……. hear…… .. .(hear) the good news.

5. He ……brought…… .. (bring) his parrot to school.

G: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE FORM OF THE VERB GIVEN IN BRACKETS.

1. A bird ……….is flying……………. .. (ﬂy) in the sky.

2.The children ….are playing……. (play) the playground.

3. They ………..are making……. .. . …. .. (make) a lot of noise.

4. The mother …….is cooking…………. .. (cook) lunch.

5. It ………..is raining……… .. (rain) heavily.

H: READ THE PARAGRAPH GIVEN BELOW. IDENTITY ERRORS OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR PLURAL NOUNS.

Childrens love to play in the park. Mans and womans also visit parks. Mans like jogging and reading newspaper. Womans like talking to each other. All peoples enjoy very much

ANSWERS:

Children love to play in the park. Men and women also visit parks. Mans like jogging and reading newspaper. Women like talking to each other. All people enjoy very much.

I: WRITE A LETTER TO YOUR FRIEND TELLING HER / HIM ABOUT YOUR EID MILAN PARTY AT SCHOOL.

J: WRITE PARAGRAPHS OF 50-70 WORDS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS.

I. MY BEST TEACHER II. MY SCHOOL

LESSON NO.5 TRAVELLING ETIQUETTES PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

A: MATCH THE FOLLOWING WORDS WITH ILLUSTRATIONS

( get off. get on. standup. sit down)

B: USE THESE WORDS IN SENTENCES OF YOUR OWN.

get off ———————————————————————–

get on———————————————————————–

stand up———————————————————————–

sit down———————————————————————–

READING FOR COMPREHENSIONS:

A. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What are travelling etiquettes?

ANSWER: TRAVELLING ETIQUETTES Consult timetable of desired transport.Stand away from road. Take care of your luggage.

QUESTION:2 What things you should do while waiting for the bus or the van?

ANSWER: During waiting for the bus or the van we should Stand away from road.Take care of your luggage.

QUESTION: 3 How do you behave with driver, conductor and other passengers in a van or a bus?

ANSWER: During travel we treat well with driver, conductor and other passengers in a van or a bus.

QUESTION:4 What do you do to keep yourself safe in the bus?

ANSWER: Stand away from road.Take care of your luggage.Don’t take any eating things from others

QUESTION:5 What might happen if you don’t show patience while getting of the bus?

ANSWER: If we don’t show patience while getting of the bus; we might push someonewe may fall and get injured

GRAMMAR:

A: CHOOSE THE CORRECT REFLEXIVE PROXZOUNS FROM THE LIST GIVEN BELOW TO FILL IN THE BLANKS IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves

1. Raheel made this T-shirt . himself

2. Lubna did the homework . herself

3. We helped to some dessert at the party. ourselves

4. Eman, did you take the photo all by . ? yourself

5. I wrote this poem . myself

6. The lion can defend . itself

7. Tina and Umer, if you went more milk, help . yourselves

8. Ali and Danial collected the stickers . themselves

B. UNDERLINE INDEFINITE PRONOUNS IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES.

1. I saw somebody there.

2. Did you see anybody there?

3. Would you like something better?

4. Everybody is present in the hall.

5. Nobody came to the meeting.

6. Is there anything in that drawer?

C. CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION.

1- I didn’t see Akram at the gym. In fact, I didn’t see .

a. anybody b. nobody c. somebody

2- Please tell the salesman at the door that we don’t want to buy

a. anything b. nothing c. something

3- Check in that bag. I bought you .

a. anything b. something c. everything

4- If the phone call is for me, I’m not here. I’m not talking to this weekend.

a. nobody b. anybody c. somebody

5- At that restaurant, you can’t buy for less than Rs. 100/-.

a. something b. everything c. anything

6- You should take for that cough.

a. anything b. everything c. something

answers: (1-a)(2-a)(3-b)(4-b)(5-c)(6-c)

D: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT PREPOSITION

The picture hangs ———-above———– i my head.
The sun is ————behind——— the clouds.
The dog ran ———after———— the cat.
I distributed candies ———among———— children.
The cat is———under———— the tree.
Our house is ———in front of———— a big tree.
They went ———–up———- the mountain.
The ﬁeld is ———–opposite ———- the houses.
Sara is ———-between———– her cousins.

E: LOOK AT THE MAP AND LOCATE THE DIRECTIONS

1- The library is ————————–the departmental store.

(a) opposite (b) one block away from (c) at the back of (d) between the super market and

2- The railway station is the post office.

(a) behind (b) on the side of (c) in front of (cl) next to

3- The Cafe is the Faiz street from the post office.

(a) up (b) down (c) opposite (d) next to

4- The bakery is on the one side of the book store, while the departmental store is on it.

(a)on the other side (b ) behind (c) at the back of (d ) opposite

5. The grocery store is the bakery

(a) down the Ravi street from (b) one block away from (c) two blocks away from (d) opposite

answers: (1-c)(2-c)(3-b)(4-a)(5-b)

F. ENCIRCLE THE ADVERBS THAT DO NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP. GIVE THE REASON TOO.

too, very enough, bravely degree
here, there, Sunday inside
always, often, very sometimes
Yesterday outside, tomorrow, night
cleverly, always, beautifully angrily

G. COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH APPROPRIATE ADVERBS FROM THE LIST.

soon very never beautifully here

1. Tea is———- very ———- hot.

2. She sings———– beautifully —— .

3. They will play a game———–soon——-

4. Farida——-never——— comes lute

5. He is not———-here———- .

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.6 TESTS AND EXAMS PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

A: WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY:

a morning lurk ———————————————————————–

a night owl —————————————————————————-

B: FIND THE SYNONYMS OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS IN THESAURUS.

formal, nervous. stress, leisure, distract, ramble

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

A: CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTIONS.

1. The main idea of paragraph 1 is:

a. exams b. stress c tests

2. The main idea of paragraph 2 is:

a. stress b. tests c. exams

3. Paragraph 3 shows supporting details in the form of:

a deﬁnition b. example c. evidence

Answers: (1-c)(2-c)(3-a)

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What is the difference between tests and exams?

ANSWER: Tests help us to know where we are in the process of studies. While exams make us enable to move to other level of study.

QUESTION:2 What is the importance of tests and exams?

ANSWER: TESTS & EXAMS keep us active in studies. We do not waste time and Succeed in final exams.

QUESTION:3 Do you feel nervous about tests and exams?

ANSWER: No, because I do my homework daily so I never feel nervous about tests and exams.

QUESTION:4 What kind of tests and exams do you prefer to have? Why?

ANSWER: I prefer those tests which check our information and thinking power not only textbooks.

QUESTION:5 When can you study the best, in the day or at night? Why?

ANSWER: I can study day and night but I like more to study at night because there is no disturbance.

D: ARE YOU A GOOD PLANNER? MARK (a ) OR (X) IN THE BOX.

1 . I have made a timetable for my study, games and TV.a

2. I have a tidy study area at home where I don’t keep things that distract me. a

3. I work on the hard stuff ﬁrst and prepare the subjects I enjoy afterwards. a

4. I read all instructions and questions carefully.a

5. I check my work when I have finished, making sure that I have attempted it rightly. a

GRAMMAR:

A: USE ONE OF THE MODAL VERBS GIVEN IN BRACKETS 10 IN EACH GAP.

They (can / might) ————— be away for the weekend but I’m not sure.
You (may / might)————————- leave now if you wish.
(Could/ May)————————- you open the window a bit, please?
(May/ Can)————————- you swim?
Listen, please. You (may not / might not) —————— speak during this exam.

C: CHANGE THE DOCTOR’S COMMAND TO A PATIENT INTO SENTENCES WITH YOU MUST OR YOU MUSTN’T. ONE HAS BEEN DONE FOR YOU.

1- Stay in bed for at least a week.

You must stay in bed for at least a week.

2- Take these pills after each meal.

You must take these pills after each meal.

3- Quit smoking.

You must quit smoking.

4- Get more exercise.

You must get more exercise.

5- Don’t have any visitor until Tuesday.

You must not have any visitor until Tuesday.

WRITING SKILLS:

A: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE.

You may sit here.
She can help him.
You must say hello now.
They should check everything.
You might find the book in the cupboard
I can borrow your book.

NEGATIVE:

You may not sit here.
She cannot help him.
You must not say hello now.
They should not check everything.
You might not find the book in the cupboard.
I cannot borrow your book.

INTERROGATIVE:

May you sit here.
Can she help him.
Must you must say hello now.
Should They check everything.
Might You find the book in the cupboard
Can I borrow your book.

ORAL COMMUNICATIONS SIKLLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.7 SPORTS AND SPORTSMANSHIP PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

B. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What is meant by ‘sportsmanship’?

ANSWER: Sportsmanship is a fair and good treatment to others, especially in a sporting contest.

QUESTION:2 Why should we not cheat in a game?

ANSWER: We should not cheat in a game because we play game and try our best to win. Cheating mean you are not good player.

QUESTION:3 Why is it important to control your emotions when you lose?

ANSWER: It is important to control our emotions when you lose because we play game. Because it is against spirit of game to lose temper.

QUESTION:4 Games also teach us team work. How?

ANSWER: It is true that games teach us team work. We work together united to win the game and learn teamwork.

QUESTION:5 Which games do you like the most? Why?

ANSWER: I like football game the most because it Gives us chance to do hard work.Is cheaper than others.Has no need a big play ground.

GRAMMAR:

A: REPLACE THE UNDERLINED WORDS WITH MULTIPLE COLLECTIVE NOUNS.

A lot of peoplegathered on the beach.
The man took his wife and children to the zoo.
The group of cows grazed on the hill.
The captain led his group of players to the ground.
The children gave the chief guest a collection of ﬂowers

Answers: (1-crowd)(2-family)(3-herd)(4-team)(5-bunch)

C: JOIN ANTECEDENT WITH ITS REFERENT IN EACH SENTENCE. CORRECT THE WRONG PRONOUN – ANTECEDENT RELATIONSHIP.

The CAT will sleep ITS basket.
Samra is looking for his watch.
Ali and Saad have completed his work.
I am sorry: I lost your pen. I will bring me a new one tomorrow.
Where is my bag? I can not ﬁnd her.

Answers:

The CAT will sleep its basket.
Samra is looking for her watch.
Ali and Saad have completed their work.
I am sorry: I lost your pen. I will bring you a new one tomorrow.
Where is my bag? I can not ﬁnd it.

WRITING SKILLS:

A: CHANGE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES INTO NEGATIVE & INTERROGATIVE.

I will go to the market today.
You will play hockey.
She will complete her work.
They will reach Lahore tomorrow.
The wet shirt will dry in the sun.

Answers:

NEGATIVE:

I will not go to the market today.
You will not play hockey.
She will not complete her work.
They will not reach Lahore tomorrow.
The wet shirt will not dry in the sun.

INTERROGATIVE:

Will I go to the market today?
Will you play hockey?
Will she complete her work?
Will they reach Lahore tomorrow?
Will the wet shirt dry in the sun?

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY

LESSON NO.8 THE RAINBOW (POEM) PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

A. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What is the main idea of the poem?

ANSWER: The main idea of the poem is comparison among man-made and God-made things.

QUESTION:2 Where do the boats and ships sail?

ANSWER: The boats and ships sail in the rivers and seas.

QUESTION:3 What sails across the sky?

ANSWER: Clouds sail across the sky.

QUESTION:4 Why are bridges made on rivers?

ANSWER: Bridges made on rivers so that people can cross the rivers.

E: FILL IN THE BLANKS TO COMPLETE THE GAPED SUMMARY OF RAINBOW.

road -over -rainbow -beautiful- more -sail

It looks——— beautiful ———– when boats and ships——— sail ——— on rivers and seas. But clouds that sail———— over ———- the sky look

———— more ———beautiful. There are also bridges on the rivers that add to the beauty but a———— rainbow ————– that builds ———— road ———— from earth to the sky is far prettier than anything else.

GRMMAR:

D: COMBINE THE PAIR OF SENTENCES BELOW INTO ONE SENTENCE‘. USING APPROPRIATE TRANSITIONAL DEVICES.

because therefore so but and

1 . Fatima got home late. She missed her TV programme

2. God made the country. Man made the town.

3. Hamad missed the bus. He woke up lute.

4. I went there. He was absent.

5. The weather was warm. Jamshaid turned on the air conditioner.

ANSWERS:

1 . Fatima got home late and she missed her TV programme

2. God made the country but man made the town.

3. Hamad missed the bus because he woke up late.

4. I went there therefore he was absent.

5. The weather was warm so Jamshaid turned on the air conditioner.

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.9 SEASONS OF THE YEAR PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

B: CHOOSE THE RIGHT OPTION.

1. The lesson is about:

a. rain b. spring c. seasons

2. Each paragraph in the lesson supports the main idea through

a. definition b. example c. evidence

ANSWERS: (1- C)(2-C)

D: EACH SENTENCE BELOW IS THE TOPIC SENTENCE OI A PARAGRAPH TN THE TEXT. WRITE THE NUMBER OF THE PARAGRAPH NEXT TO ITS TOPIC SENTENCE.

After autumn comes winter. (Paragraph—————————)

Then comes the summer season.(Paragraph—————————)

Spring is the queen of seasons and the loveliest of them all.(Paragraph—————————)

Autumn comes between the summer and winter season.(Paragraph—————————)

D. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 Which is the longest season in Pakistan?

ANSWER: Summer is the longest season in Pakistan.

QUESTION:2 What do you like in the autumn season?

ANSWER: I like fruit in the autumn season.

QUESTION:3 What do you dislike in the summer season?

ANSWER: I dislike hotness in the summer season.

QUESTION:4 Which season do you like the most?

ANSWER: I like spring season the most.

QUESTION:5 What do you like most about your favourite season?

ANSWER: I like most about your favourite season is that there is no hot no cold.

E: CORRECT THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS AND RE-WRITE THEM

1. The summer months are cold.

The winter months are cold.

2. Summer comes between autumn and winter.

Summer comes between spring and autumn.

3. Winter is the king of all seasons.

spring is the queen of all seasons.

4. January is the hottest month of the year.

May June and July are the hottest months of the year .

5. Spring comes between summer and winter.

Spring comes between winter and summer .

GRAMMAR:

A: FIND OUT FROM COLUMN R’ THE CORRECT ADJECTIVE TO SUIT THE NOUN IN COLUMN ‘B’ AND WRITE IL IN COLUMN ‘C’:

A	B	C
Soft woolen heavy rain hottest	Months rains water clothes wind	*Wind* *clothes* *rains* *water* *Months*

B. SOME ADJECTIVES FROM THE LESSON ARE GIVEN BELOW.

1 . What degree do these adjectives have?

loveliest ——— — (paragraph 2)

beautiful ———– (paragraph 2)

hottest ——— — (paragraph 3)

coldest ——— — (paragraph 5)

2.Write other degree of these adjectives.

3. Which ones are regular adjectives?

4. Which ones are irregular adjectives?

5. Pick out more adjectives from the lesson and change their degree.

C. ENCIRCLE THE ADJECTIVES THAT DO NOT BELONG TO THE GROUP. GIVE THE REASON TOO.

Example: beautiful , ugly intelligent

‘Some’ is not cm adjective of quality

Pakistani, British, Japanese, round
green, third, eight, second
big, long, sour, four
white, medium, pink, brown
long, tall, white, high

D: USE CORRECT DEGREE OF ADJECTIVES IN THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES

1. Karachi is the (biggest) city of Pakistan.

2. Spring is the (most beautiful) of all the seasons.

3. This road is (longer) than that road.

4. Saima is the (most intelligent) student in the class

5.June is the (hottest) month of the year.

E: USE THE FOLLOWING ABSOLUTE ADJECTIVES IN SENTENCES

unique, round. perfect, empty dead

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

REVIEW 2

A: UNDERLINE COUNTABLE, UNCOUNTABLE & COLLECTIVE NOUNS.

1. I like honey very much.

2. The team was happy to win the match.

3. An apple a day keeps the doctor away.

4. She drinks cold water.

5. There was a large crowd gathered in the street.

B: CHANGE THE GENDER & RE-WRITE THESE SENTENCES.

1. He is not as happy as his brother.

2. My mother likes tea but my father likes coffee.

3. Her grandmother tells her many stories.

4. We have many cocks and oxen in our farm.

5. Your brother is two years younger than your sister.

ANSWERS:

1. She is not as happy as her brother.

2. My father likes tea but my mother likes coffee.

3. His grandfather tells him many stories.

4. We have many hens and cows in our farm.

5. Your sister is two years younger than your brother.

C: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH APPROPRIATE PRONOUNS.

1 . ……..He.. goes to the market.

2. Sana says that this bag is ….hers….. ..

3. I heard a sound in the room but there was …….no one .. inside.

4. I wrote this story …….myself ..

5. This book is mine not ……yours… ..

D: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE CORRECT PREPOSITION FROM THE BRACKETS.

1. We learnt to cook ………. .. our mother. (by at, from)

2. He is interested ………. .. stamp-collecting. (in, by at)

3. He has not written to me ………. .. many weeks. (from, for, with)

4. Turn right ………. .. the junction to go to the bank. (at, on, in)

5. She walked ………. .. the hospital. (Of, by, to)

E: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CAN, MAY, SHOULD OR MUST.

1 . ……May.. I have a look at your paragraph?

2. The new captain ……can.. .. run very fast.

3. You …..must.. .. ﬁnish your homework on time.

4. You …….should…… .. knock before you enter the room.

5. Fakhir ….can….. .. swim better than his friend.

F: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES WITH ADJECTIVES GIVEN IN BRACKETS IN FORM OF COMPARISON.

1 . My father is four years …..older.. .. (old) than my mother.

2. Zara is the …….taller……..(tall) girl in the class.

3. Salman is a …..hardworking .. (hardworking) student.

4. Fatima is the …..youngest.. .. (young) of the six children.

5. This is the ……most interesting……. .. (interesting) story I have ever read

G: FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH CORRECT ADVERBS.

1. She went ………early….. .. (adverb of time)

2. He lives …….here…… .. (adverb of place)

3. They walk …….slowly……. .. (adverb of manner)

4. Sana ……….often… .. gets good marks in tests. (adverb of frequency)

5. The story is …..very…….. ..interesting. (adverb of degree)

H: JOIN THE TWO SENTENCES IN EACH PAIR USING THE CONJUNCTION GIVEN IN BRACKETS.

1 . You will succeed. You work hard. (if)

2. She was invited. She did not come. (but)

3. He will succeed. He has worked hard. (because)

4. I was busy. I did not telephone him. (so)

5. It was raining. I took an umbrella with me. (therefore)

Answers:

1 . You will succeed if you work hard.

2. She was invited but she did not come.

3. He will succeed because he has worked hard.

4. I was busy so I did not telephone him.

5. It was raining therefore I took an umbrella with me.

I. FILL IN THE BLANKS WITH THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE OF THE VERB GIVEN IN THE BRACKETS.

1. Ali …will take part…(take part) in race.

2. She …..will be… .. (be) more regular in class after the warning.

3. I ……shall read…. (read) many storybooks during summer vacation.

4. They …..will hold… .. (hold) Fun Fair next week.

5. He ….will visit.. .. .(visit) us soon.

J: WRITE PARAGRAPHS OF 50-70 WORDS ON THE FOLLOWING TOPICS.

i. How to Polish Shoes?

ii. The Season I like the Most

K. READING AND THINKING SKILLS:

An unseen reading passage may be exploited for vocabulary text patterns, comprehension questions and summary skills.

L: ORAL COMMUNICATION:

Form pairs or groups (as required) and give students different situations. Ask them to prepare a dialogue for each situation and present it in the class.

LESSON NO.10 MODERN INVENTIONS PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMPREHENSION:

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 Why is present age called the modern age?

ANSWER: Present age is called the modern age because it is age of science.

QUESTION:2 What are the main contributions of science?

ANSWER: The main contributions of science are; televisioncomputer

QUESTION:3 What are modem inventions in the ﬁeld of information and entertainment?

ANSWER: MODEM INVENTIONS IN THE FIELD OF INFORMATION & ENTERTAINMENT televisionradiointernettelephone

QUESTION:4 What was the size of first earlier computers?

ANSWER: The size of first earlier computers was in tons. Some computers were like double decker buses.

QUESTION:5 How have these inventions changed our life?

ANSWER: Now-a-days, every field of life depends on the science. Like we can travel faster than past days etc.

GRAMMAR:

A: USE THE CORRECT FORM OF THE VERB GIVEN IN BRACKETS TO MAKE ‘PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.

1. When I saw him, he was going (go) to school.

2. The light went out when I was taking (take) tea.

3. When you were writing a letter, I was reading (read) a book.

4. While Saeeda was plucking (pluck) flowers, the gardener came.

5. I was taking (take) rest when the bell rang.

B: MAKE QUESTIONS IN PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.

Example:

They were working all day

What were they doing yesterday?

1. She’s going to the market. [WHERE]

Where was she going?

2. You were giving her ﬂowers because it was her birthday [WHY]

Why were you giving her flowers?

3. We were waiting because the train was late. [WHY]

Why were we waiting?

4. We were travelling by aeroplane. [HOW]

How were we travelling?

She was cooking rice for dinner. [WHAT]

What was she cooking?

D: HEAD THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. ENCIRCLE THE DIRECT OBJECT & UNDERLINE THE INDIRECT OBJECT.

1. She gave the beggar MONEY.

2. I owed her a lot of MONEY.

3. He gave his friend a PRESENT.

4. The teacher told the girls A STORY.

5. The guide showed the boys A MAP.

WRITING SKILLS

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.11 ZOO HOSPITAL PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMMUNICATION:

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What is the main difference between human patients and animal patients?
ANSWER: HUMAN PATIENTS	ANIMAL PATIENTS
They can tell their problem to the doctors.	They cannot tell their problem to the doctors.
QUESTION:2 How do doctors make animals swallow medicine’?
ANSWER: Doctors hide medicine in the favourite food of the animals to swallow.
QUESTION:3 How was the castor oil given to the spoonbill?
ANSWER: Castor oil was given to the spoonbill by fish filled by oil.
QUESTION:4 How was the giraffe given the medicine?
ANSWER: The giraffe was given medicine by loaf of sugar because he like to eat it.

B:Tick (a)THE RIGHT CHOICE TO FILLIN THE BLANKS INB EACH STATEMENT.

1- The animals like to live in their natural .

(a) surroundings (b) houses (c) bushes (d) places

2- The expert doctors look after ———————in a zoo hospital.

(a) human patients (b) children patients (c) animal patients (d) the employees of the zoo

3- The doctor—————- the ways how the animal should be made to take medicine.

(a) tries (b)finds (c) thinks (d) narrator

4- The——————————has a great liking for potatoes.

(a) giraffe (b) monkey (c) spoonbill (d) elephant

5- Giraffe has liking for—————————–

(a) potatoes (b) sweet (c) loaf of sugar (d )castor oil

6- Spoonbill mostly lives on

(a) meat (b) grain (c) warms (d) ﬁsh

GRAMMAR:

A. COMPLETE THESE SENTENCES WITH OBJECTS

1. I sold my old car.

2. I took some hot tea.

3. I bought a pair of new shoes.

4. I understood the problem.

5. I wrote a letter.

Examples: The bird cried.

The elephant coughed.

B: USE THE FOLLOWING INTRANSITIVE VERBS IN SENTENCES.

slept: —————————————————————————————-

cried: —————————————————————————————-

fell: —————————————————————————————-

run: ——————————————————————————————

rose: ————————————————————————————-

C: MAKE SENTENCES OF THE FOLLOWING WORDS. FIND OUT WHETHER THE VERBS ARE TRANSITIVE / INTRANSITIVE.

WORDS	SENTENCES	TRANSITIVE	INTRANSITIVE
laugh follow buy weep clean

ACTIVE VOICE PASSIVE VOICE

B: READ THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES. IDENTIFY ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE

I like mangoes. ACTIVE VOICE
Mangoes are liked by me. PASSIVE VOICE
Rice are eaten by us. PASSIVE VOICE
We eat rice. ACTIVE VOICE
She caught a bird. ACTIVE VOICE
A bird was caught by her. PASSIVE VOICE
He will be punished by the teacher. PASSIVE VOICE
The teacher will punish him. ACTIVE VOICE
I am writing a story. ACTIVE VOICE
The story is being written by me. PASSIVE VOICE

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.12 DRUGS ARE DANGEROUS PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMMUNICATION:

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 Why do the people use drugs?

ANSWER: The people use drugs to intoxicate their minds.

QUESTION:2 What is the effect of drugs on the mind of people?

ANSWER: People lose the control on their minds by the effects of medicines.

QUESTION:3 How are the drivers who use drugs are danger for all of us?

ANSWER: The drivers who use drugs are danger for all of us because they cant drive safely and may cause some accident.

QUESTION:4 What advice do you want to give to the addicts?

ANSWER: I want to give to the addicts that they must consult doctor to get rid of the drugs.

D: CHOOSE THE CORRECT OPTION.

1 . The drugs are quite

a) easily available b) cheap c) costly d) useful

2- Addicts drain away

a) water b) enjoyment c) money d) nothing

3- Drugs change the way the brain

a) works b) understands c) covers d) maintains

4- The addicts drive their vehicles

a) actively b) safely c) carefully d) dangerously

5- Addicts make our world

a) healthy b) unhealthy c) pleasant d) secure

GRAMMAR:

A: READ TWO SENTENCES GIVEN BELOW AND NOTICE THE DIFFERENCE.

It you go to Murree, you will have a wonderful Remember. You will have a wonderful time if you go to Murree.

Which clause comes ﬁrst in this sentence? (Any one)
Can you switch these clauses? (yes)
Is there any difference in meaning? ( No)
What’s different about punctuation? What happens to the comma?
When the main clause comes ﬁrst, there is no need to put a comma.

B: COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING FIRST CONDITIONAL SENTENCES.

1- If you do not study hard, you ———————–the test.

a) do not pass b) will not pass c) pass

2- Huma will be sad if her mother ————————.

a) will leave b) will not leave c) leaves

3- If it’s sunny we——————————- to the park.

a) do not go b) will go c) go

4- You won’t enjoy your time, if you ———————to that party.

a) will go b) do not go c) will not go

5-If you cook the dinner. I ————————the dishes.

a) will wash b) do not wash c) wash

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

LESSON NO.13 A HAPPY PRINCE PAGE:

VOCABULARY:

READING FOR COMMUNICATION:

C. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

QUESTION:1 What do you know about the statue of the Happy Prince?

ANSWER: The happy prince was decorated. It was covered with thin leaves of gold all over his body. His eyes were made up of sapphires. There was a red ruby on the top of his sword.

QUESTION:2 How did the statue help the poor and the needy?

ANSWER: The swallow carried red ruby from his sword to the poor seamstress who could not afford oranges for her sick son.The swallow plucked an expensive sapphire from one of his eyes and carried it to the struggling playwright to help him financially.The swallow plucked his second sapphire eye and took it to the match girl to help her get some money.

QUESTION:3 What is the role of the swallow in this story?

ANSWER: The little swallow acts as the agent of charity. He carries gold leaves and precious stones to the poor people.

QUESTION:4 What lesson do you learn from this story?

ANSWER: The bad sides of society can be overcome by love and charity.

QUESTION:5 Do you like the character of the Happy Prince?

ANSWER: Yes, I like the character of the Happy Prince very much.

GRAMMAR:

What things which are always plural can be used to

weigh something? ————————–scales——————————————————
cut paper /cloth? ——————scissors——————
hold your trousers up? —————braces———————
keep a prisoner’s hands together? ————-handcuffs————-
wear on eyes?————–glasses————–

G. READ THE FOLLOWING DIRECT STATEMENTS. THEN COMPLETE THE INDIRECT STATEMENTS.


1.”I am very tired? 2.”You play the piano well!‘ 3.”We are leaving the town‘! 4.”I will go to ﬁnd a new job” 5.1 am looking for my pen!‘	She says that ——she—— is very tired.Jamil tells me that —-he—— play the piano well.He says that ——they—- are leaving the town.He says that ——he—– will go to ﬁnd a new job.She says that —–she—- is looking for her pen.

WRITING SKILLS:

ORAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

GROUP ACTIVITY:

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