Know Cliff

NOTES KEYBOARD COMPUTER SCIENCE 5 OXFORD 3^RD EDITION

CHAPTER# 1 CHARACTERISTICS & EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS PAGE:

1. a. Abacus b. Microprocessors c. Difference engine d. EDSAC e. Expert system

2. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. T

3. a. Charles Babbage is called the father of modern computers.

b. The second generation computers used transistors.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. The fifth-generation computers are referred to as supercomputers as they have very high storage capacities, high speeds, and the ability to carry out highly sophisticated operations.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. The third-generation computers used Integrated Circuits (ICs) for the first time. An example of third generation computer is the IBM 360 series.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. Two limitations of the first generation computers were: i. their operating speed was quite slow. ii. their power consumption was very high.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. Diligence means the ability of a computer system to work with the same accuracy till power is supplied to it, without any boredom.

CHAPTER# 2 DATA DEVICES PAGE:

1. a. Input devices b. Stylus c. ATM d. Output device e. Bit

2. a. T b. F c. T d. T e. F

3.

a. The devices that are used to get the output from a computer are called output devices.

b. The storage capacity of a computer is called its memory.

c. Two examples of secondary storage devices are: floppy disk and hard disk.

d. Secondary memory is used to store the programs and data for future referencing.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. The kind of memory that loses its contents when the power is turned off is known as volatile memory; whereas the kind of memory that retains its contents even when the power is turned off is known as nonvolatile memory.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. The two main types of printers are: impact printers, for example, the dot matrix printer; and non-impact printers, for example, the inkjet printer.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. A touch screen is a computer display screen in which a user interacts with the computer by touching words or pictures on the screen. Touch screens are used in Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), in tablet PCs, in railway and airport terminals, in hospitals, etc.

QUESTION:

CHAPTER# 3 OBJECTS IN WORD 2013 PAGE:

1. a. WordArt styles b. Text c. Cropping d. Position e. Format

2. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. F

3.
a. The Wrap Text feature starts a new line when a word in a sentence reaches a border.

b. The WordArt Styles group on the FORMAT tab has the button for changing the shape of the text.

c. The Bing Image search option can be used to search the Internet for images.

d. The Corrections command in the Adjust group can be used to sharpen or soften an image.

e. The green horizontal and vertical lines that appear when an image is moved, are called Alignment guides.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. Start Word 2013 and create a new document. Type the text “Welcome to the Party”.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. Change the text into WordArt by doing the following:

i. Select the text “Welcome to the Party”.

ii. Click the INSERT tab, and in the Text group, click WordArt and select the WordArt style you want to use.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. To change the shape of the text, select the text and do the following:

i. Click the FORMAT tab.

ii. In the WordArt Styles group, click the Text Effects option. Select Transform and choose any effect that you want.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. To change the fill color, click the drop-down menu arrow of the Text Fill option in the WordArt Styles group and select the desired color.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: e. To apply visual effects, click the Text Effects option in the WordArt Styles group and select the desired effect.

CHAPTER# 4 ADVANCED FEATURES OF WORD 2013 PAGE:

1. a. Footer b. Insert c. Watermark d. Design e. Footnote

2. a. F b. T c. F d. F e. T

3.

a. You can see the headers and footers in the Print Layout view.

b. The DESIGN tab has the option to apply border to a page.

c. A footnote consists of two linked parts: a note reference mark and the corresponding note text.

d. The check box for Different First Page option is to be checked to select a different header or footer for the first page.

e. The keyboard shortcut for inserting an endnote is Ctrl + Alt +D.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. Start Word 2013 and create a new document. Type the text as given.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. To add “Fruits” as the header:

i. Click the INSERT tab.

ii. In the Header & Footer group, click Header.

iii. The Header gallery with various header designs is displayed. Click on Blank or scroll through the gallery and choose the style you want. iv. The DESIGN tab under HEADER & FOOTER TOOLS will now be displayed. Type the word “Fruits” in the header area.

v. Press ESC.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. To insert the first footnote:

i. Position the cursor after the word “Kasur”.

ii. Click the REFERENCES tab.

iii. Click Insert Footnote in the Footnotes group.

iv. Type the text “Kasur is a district in the province of Punjab in Pakistan” for the footnote in the footnote area.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. To insert the second footnote:

i. Position the cursor after the word “Larkana”.

ii. Click the REFERENCES tab.

iii. Click Insert Footnote in the Footnotes group.

iv. Type the text “Larkana is located in the province of Sindh” for the footnote in the footnote area.

CHAPTER# 5 KTURTLE LOOPS AND LEARNS! PAGE:

1. a. Instructions b. Comments c. exit d. learn e. step

2. a. F b. T c. F d. T e. T

3.

a. The values “True” and “False” are called Boolean values. b. A loop is the set of statements that continue to execute, till a condition is true.

c. The for loop is also called counting loop.

d. The Break command is used to stop the current loop and transfer control to the statement following the loop.

e. In case of for loop, the number is increased by 1 after every loop. 4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: KTurtle program to create a square by using the learn and repeat commands: reset learn square $s { repeat 4 {fw $s tr 90 }} penwidth 10 square 150

CHAPTER# 6 MAKING PRESENTATIONS INTERESTING PAGE:

1. a. Objects b. Slide c. Transitions d. Screenshot e. Reset

2. a. T b. F c. T d. F e. T

3.

a. The special sound or visual effects on a slide are called animations.

b. The set of graphics that helps you create different kinds of lists, process diagrams, or a hierarchy is called SmartArt graphics.

 c. The two additional tabs that appear on the ribbon when a SmartArt is added to a presentation are: DESIGN and FORMAT.

d. The Media group on the INSERT tab has options to add video to a presentation.

e. The Slide Sorter view is used to see all slides of the presentation in miniature form on the screen.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. Click FILE New Blank Presentation.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. In slide 1, type the title of the presentation. Insert slide 2 to 6. Select the required layouts for inserting text and pictures if needed.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. Download text, pictures, a sound file, and a movie file from the Internet or any other source for the presentation.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. To insert pictures in your slides, click on Pictures in the Images group and insert required pictures.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: e. Click on Audio in the Media group on the INSERT tab and insert your sound or audio file in the desired slide or slides.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: f. Select the sound icon, and click the PLAYBACK tab under AUDIO TOOLS.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: g. In the Audio Options group, click the drop-down menu arrow of the Start box and select Automatically.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: h. Add animations to all the slides as follows: i. Select the text or picture. ii. Click the ANIMATIONS tab. In the Animation group, click the Appear option.

i. To add a transition effect between slides:

i. Select any slide.

ii. Click the TRANSITIONS tab. Under Transition to This Slide group, click the Push transition scheme.

iii. In the Timing group, do the following:

• Set the Duration.

• Select On Mouse Click under Advance Slide.

• Click Apply To All.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: j. Save the presentation as “History of Olympics”.

CHAPTER# 7 STARTING EXCEL 2013 PAGE:

1. a. XFD b. Cell c. contiguous d. Name Box e. Worksheet

2. a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F

3.

a. In Excel 2013, a workbook is a collection of worksheets.

b. Rows are numbered from top to bottom along the left edge as 1, 2 and so on.

c. The three types of data that can be entered in an Excel worksheet are: Numbers, Text, and Formulae.

d. Cell Pointer is a highlighted cell boundary that specifies which cell is active at that moment.

e. The address of the cell formed by the combination of row 6 and column F will be F6.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. Select Start All Programs Microsoft Office 2013 Excel 2013.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. First type the headings. Type “Country” in A1, “Capital” in B1, “Currency” in C1.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. Now, select 10 countries in Asia and type the data in appropriate cells. The worksheet will appear as shown here. If the cell content is too long, manually change the width of the column. Position the mouse pointer on the right boundary of a column heading until it turns to a double-sided arrow. Drag it to your right until the column is of the width you want.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. Click FILE tab and select Save option in the screen that appears.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: e. Select Computer and click on Browse button.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: f. The Save As dialog box appears. Type the file name as “Geography Exercise” in the File name box and click Save.

CHAPTER# 8 EDITING CELL CONTENTS IN EXCEL 2013 PAGE:

1. a. Cells b. Format c. Clear Contents d. Clipboard e. Cut

2. a. T b. F c. F d. T e. F

3.

a. Row Headings are the sequentially numbered light-blue boxes along the left side of the worksheet. They help to select and identify rows.

b. The two ways in which cell contents can be edited are:

(a) overwriting and,

(b) partial modification.

c. When the Shift cells right option is chosen from the Insert dialog box, blank cells are filled in the selected range and existing cells are shifted right.

d. In order to undo several actions at once, the user must click the menu arrow next to the Undo button, and from the list, select the actions that he/she wants to undo, and then click the list. Excel reverses all the actions selected.

e. In order to move data by the drag-and-drop method, the user should position the cursor on the boundary of the selected range so that the cursor changes into a cross shape. While holding the left mouse button down, he/she should drag the data to the desired location. The data is moved when the mouse button is released.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. “Amaan, Anwar” needs to be inserted before “Asad Ahmed”. So, to insert a new row, first select the row 11. Click the HOME tab. In the Cells group, click the drop-down menu arrow of the Insert button. Select Insert Sheet Rows.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. Enter the “Student Code” as “S011”, “Student Name” as “Amaar Anwar” and “Date of Joining” as 27 Jan 2014.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: c. “Rabab Khawar” needs to be inserted before “Rabia Hasan”. So, to insert a new row, first select the row 8. Click the HOME tab. In the Cells group, click the drop-down “Rabia Hasan” menu arrow of the Insert button. Select Insert Sheet Rows.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: d. Enter the “Student Code” as “S012”, “Student Name” as “Rabab Khawar” and “Date of Joining” as 27 Jan 2014.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: e. Similarly, “Abrar Noor” needs to be inserted before “Asad Ahmed”.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: f. The updated list looks as given below: A B C

1. Student Code Student Name Date of Joining

2. 5001 Dawood Imam 2 Jan 2014

3. 5006 Ghazala Javed 5 Jan 2014

4. 5003 Jawad Khan 5 Jan 2014

5. 5004 Kiran Ahmed 10 Jan 2014

6. 5009 Palwarsha Ali 12 Jan 2014

7. 5002 Anam Ansari 2 Jan 2014

8. 5005 Rabia Hasan 5 Jan 2014

9. 5007 Rahail Shahid 2 Jan 2014

10. 5008 Sumair Ali 10 Jan 2014

11. 5010 Asad Ahmed 12 Jan 2014

CHAPTER# 9 FIRST STEP TO THE INTERNET PAGE:

1. a. Netiquette b. Hyperlink c. Wireless d. Net Surfing e. Email

2. a. F b. F c. T d. T e. F

3.

a. The two types of Internet access connections are: Dial-up and Broadband.

b. The speed of a modem is measured in bps(bits per second).

c. A dongle is a small USB device that allows a user to access the Internet through a mobile broadband connection. It is also referred to as a USB modem, an Internet stick, etc.

d. The home page is the opening page or the main page of a website, which is displayed when the address of a website is typed.

e. A website is a collection of one or more related Web pages linked together through a system of hyperlinks.

f. The “s” in “https://” stands for secure.

4.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: a. A modem is a device that allows a computer to connect and communicate with other computers. Modem stands for modulator demodulator. There are three types of modems: cable, telephone and wireless modem.

QUESTION:

ANSWER: b. A Web browser is a program used to locate and display Web pages. It also helps the user to interact with text, images, videos, music, and other information located on Web pages. Examples of Web browsers are: Microsoft Internet Explorer and Mozilla Firefox.

===========ALLAH IS THE GREATEST========

NOTES/SOLVED EXERCISES KEYBOARD COMPUTER BOOK 8 3RD EDITION 2021 OXFORD

CH 1 INTRODUCTION TO ACCESS 2013 p:20-21

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. ii. Form

b. ii. ID

c. iii. Yes/No

d. ii. Student. Name

e. iv. all of these

f. ii. Long Text

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. What is a DBMS? What are its advantages?

ANSWER: a. A DBMS is a software that performs the functions of creating, modifying, deleting, and adding data in a database.

The advantages of a DBMS are:

• It reduces data redundancy.

• It controls data inconsistency.

• It facilitates sharing of data.

QUESTION:  b. What are the six database objects?

ANSWER: b. Table, Form, Query, Report, Macro, and Module are the six database objects.

QUESTION:  c. What are the two ways of creating a database?

ANSWER: c. The two ways of creating a database are:

• Using a Template.

• Using a Blank desktop database.

QUESTION:  d. What are the rules for naming a field?

ANSWER: d. Rules for naming a field are:

• A field name can be 1 to 64 characters long.

• A field name can include letters, numbers, and some special characters like underscore.

• A field name cannot have a period, an exclamation mark, brackets or grave accent.

• A field name cannot start with a blank space.

• A field name can be in upper, lower, or mixed case.

QUESTION:  e. List the various data types available in Access 2013.

ANSWER: e. The various data types available in Access 2013 are:

Short Text, Long Text, Number, Date/Time, Currency, AutoNumber, Yes/No, OLE Object, Hyperlink, Attachment, and Calculated.

QUESTION:  f. What is the difference between hiding and freezing a field?

ANSWER: f. Hiding a field makes the field completely invisible (hidden) in the Datasheet view. Freezing one or more fields fixes them to the left of the datasheet and makes it/them visible at all times no matter where you scroll in the datasheet.

QUESTION:  g. List the steps to show the Total row in an Access 2013 table.

ANSWER: g. To show the Total row in an Access table:

i. Double-click the table for which you want the Total field. It opens in the Datasheet view.

ii. Click Totals in the Records group of the HOME tab.

iii. This shows the Totals row at the bottom of the datasheet.

QUESTION:  h. Ali’s teacher wants to organise all the personal data (name, age, etc.) and academic data (extracurricular interests, achievements, etc.) of the students in his class. Ali suggests he uses a DBMS (Database Management System) for this purpose. Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of using a DBMS for this task.

ANSWER: h. The advantages and disadvantages of DBMS are as follows:

ADVANTAGES	DISADVANTAGES
The user can choose from a number of predefined styles.	The user will have to define each field.
It is quicker to set up a database.	It can be time consuming if there are a large number of fields.
There are less chances of errors in defining fields.

QUESTION:i. You have been asked to create a database for the school’s cricket team using Access 2013. You realise that you can either use a template or develop it yourself. Compare both ways of creating the database and state your preference.

ANSWER:i

QUESTION:j. Your task is to create a database to track the progress of 5 different teams that all played in a recent Football World Cup. Create a database using MS Access for any five teams of your choice

You must include the following fields in your table:

• matches played
• winning team
• losing team
• goals for
• goals against

ANSWER:j

CHAPTER 2 ACCESS 2013: PAGE: 24-50

Design View, Queries, Forms and Reports OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1.

a. i. 255 characters

b. ii. Required

c. iv. Datasheet View

d. ii. Long Text

e. ii. >=1 AND <=500

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION:a. Describe the four parts of the Field Definition Grid.

ANSWER: a. The Field Definition Grid consists of Field Selector, Field Name, Data Type and Description.

i. Field Selector:

 Field selector allows selection of a field. One can then insert a row above the selected field, delete a row, or drag a row up or down to reposition the field in the table. The field selector box also identifies the primary key field of the table by displaying the Primary Key icon (a small picture of a key with a right-pointing arrow).

ii. Field Name:

 This part of the grid lists the field names for the table being created.

iii. Data Type: The type of data of the fields is specified in this part. When a new field is added in Design View, it is by default assigned the Short Text data type. One can change a field’s data type by clicking on the arrow next to the entries in the Data Type column and selecting a new data type from the list that appears.

iv. Description: It contains an optional description of the field.

QUESTION:b. What are the different ways of setting a field as a primary key?

ANSWER: b. To set a field as a primary key:

i. Select the field to be set as primary key.

ii. Click Primary Key in the Tools group of the DESIGN tab.

Or

i. Right-click the field selector of the column that will be the primary key.

ii. Select Primary Key from the context menu.

QUESTION: c. Why is a form preferred over the Datasheet View for entering data?

ANSWER: c. A Form is preferred over a Datasheet View in data entry because it provides an easy way to enter, edit, delete and view data in a table. Moreover, a form can enforce data validation on the data being entered. This provides greater control on the data entry.

QUESTION: d. How will you switch from Datasheet View to Design View and vice versa?

ANSWER: d. To switch from the Datasheet View to the Design View, click the View drop-down menu arrow in the Views group on the DESIGN tab. Select Design View. To go back again to the Datasheet View, click the View drop-down menu arrow in the Views group on the DESIGN tab. Select Datasheet View.

QUESTION: e. What do you understand by the AutoNumber field in Access? Can you change the data type of any field to AutoNumber?

ANSWER: e. AutoNumber field stores an integer that increments automatically as records are added. It is the default data type for the ID field. Yes, the data type of any field can be assigned as an AutoNumber. However, Access allows only one field to be AutoNumber data type in a table.

QUESTION: f. Give a validation rule such that a user can enter only the values 1, 2, or 3?

ANSWER: f. The validation rule =1 or =2 or =3 will allow the user to enter only 1, 2 or 3 as input in that field.

QUESTION: g. Compare the two methods of creating a table in MS Access (Datasheet View and Design View). Which one would you prefer to use to record the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet?

ANSWER: g. Below is a comparison between the two methods of creating a table in MS Access: Datasheet View Design View It shows data in the database and allows the user to enter and edit data. It can create or change the table, form as well as configure fields. The format of database cannot be changed. It can set keys to restrict values that are entered. It cannot change the data.

QUESTION: h Access 2013 allows you to define field properties such as size, format, input mask, and validation rule. Analyse the importance of each field property for a database with hundreds of entries.

ANSWER: h. Both design view and datasheet view are important and need to be used interchangeably when using MS Access. Students should be able to demonstrate the skills they’ve learned in this chapter. They should understand how databases are used to store large amounts of data in an organised manner, and the importance of appropriately labelling all data fields. Some students might list each field property and write only its definition which does not come up to the entire requirement of the question.

QUESTION: i. Using the information you collated for Question 3 of Chapter 1, create a form to enter the information about the teams that played in the World Cup. You may use any of the three methods (see page 43 of your Keyboard 8 book if you get stuck) to design the form. Make sure to list the steps you will take to create the form and give reasons for your choices.

ANSWER: i. Answers will vary but the correct use of the method chosen will guide the final assessment. The fields they select as part of their database are also of importance.

CHAPTER 3 LISTS AND IMAGES IN HTML 5 PAGE:

51-64

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1.

a. ii. Unordered

b. iv. all of these

c. i. list-style-image

d. iv. Any one of these

e. i. Error! Filename not specified.

f. i. src

g. ii. medium

h. i.

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. Differentiate between an ordered and an unordered list.

ANSWER: a. A list in which the order of items is neither fixed nor important is called an unordered list. Each item in an unordered list is marked by a small symbol or image called bullet. Therefore, it is also known as bulleted list. On the other hand, a list in which the order of items is fixed and important is called an ordered list. The individual items in an ordered list is marked by a number. Hence it is also called as numbered list.

QUESTION: b. Mention the values that can be assigned to the list-style-type property of an Ordered

ANSWER: b. The values that can be assigned to the list-style-type property of an ordered list are decimal, lower-roman, upper-roman, lower alpha, and upper-alpha.

QUESTION: c. Name the tags used for creating ordered and unordered lists.

ANSWER: c. The tags used for creating an ordered list are:

tag and tag; while those used for creating an unordered list are: tag and tag.

QUESTION: d. What is the purpose of the <dd> tag?

ANSWER: d. The tag (definition list description) is a description list tag and is used to build a list of definitions.

QUESTION: e. What are the tags required to create a description list

ANSWER: e. The tags required to create a description list are , and

QUESTION: f. Which tag is used for inserting an image to bedisplayed in an HTML document? Mention any ? two attributes of this tag.

ANSWER: f. The Error! Filename not specified. tag is used to insert an image in an HTML document. It is an empty element. Two attributes of this tag are:

• src: This specifies the URL of the image to be inserted.

• alt: This is used to specify an alternate text for an image.

QUESTION: g. What are the various ordering styles that can be given to the items of an ordered list?

ANSWER: g. The various ordering styles that can be given to the items of an ordered list are: decimal (default), lower-roman, upper-roman, lower-alpha, or upper-alpha.

QUESTION: h. What do GIF and PNG stand for?

ANSWER: h. GIF: Graphics Interchange Format PNG: Portable Network Graphics.

QUESTION: i. Your teacher has asked you to write a program in HTML which lists some difficult scientific words and their definitions. Identify three of the HTML methods used to create lists. Which ‘method would you prefer to use and why?

ANSWER: i. Students should identify ‘ordered’, ‘unordered’, and ‘description’ as the three types of lists. There is no real right answer as to why a student would pick one over the other, it is a matter of preference. The reasons that they give for using a particular method will be indicative of their learning.

QUESTION: j. HTML is used to create web pages which usually contain many visuals. Web pages need to be attractive so that visitors to any particular web page will find it enjoyable to go through the information. It also gives the website an overall style of presentation.

ANSWER:

QUESTION: k. This question will require the students to practise coding in the computer lab. They will need to write their code and test it. As well as assessing students on the type of code that they’ve written (this depends on how the web page looks), marks can also be awarded for creativity.

ANSWER:

CHAPTER 4

TABLES, LINKS, AND FRAMES IN HTML 5 PAGE:

65-81

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. F. An image can be set as a hyperlink.

b. F. A caption can also be placed at the bottom of a table.

c. F. The padding property specifies the space between the border and the content of a cell.

d. T

e. F. The tag is a container element

2. a. iii. both i. and ii.

b. i. controls

c. iv. all of these

d. iv. any of these

e. ii. Error! Filename not specified.

f. i. active

g. i. href

h. i. Pixels

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. What is the purpose of the src and control attributes of the <audio> tag?

ANSWER: a. The src attribute of the tag is used to specify the URL of the audio file. The control attribute is used to display the audio controls on the web page.

QUESTION: b. What is the difference between the <td> and <tr> tags?

ANSWER: b. The tag is the table data tag. It is used to specify an individual block or cell in a table row. The tag is the table row tag. It is used to define a horizontal row of cells.

QUESTION: c. What is the use of the vertical-align property? What values can be assigned to this property?

ANSWER:  c. The vertical-align property is used to set the vertical alignment of text in a table. The acceptable values for this property are: top, bottom, and middle.

QUESTION: d. Describe the different kinds of links that can be created on a web page.

ANSWER: d. Three kinds of links can be created on a web page:

• Internal: A link to a point on the current page.

• Local: A link to another page on the same website.

• Global: A link to a page on a different website.

QUESTION: e. Name the tag used to create a link. Name one attribute used with this tag.

ANSWER: e. The anchor tag is used to create a link. One attribute of this tag is HREF, which specifies the destination page or the file where the link will take the user to when clicked.

QUESTION: f. The answers here will vary. Make sure that students give you the URL for the web page which they are analysing. Their answers should show that they know what tables are used for and how they are created in HTML.

ANSWER: f. Open the home page of your favourite website. Analyse the page carefully, and state why you think that the page has been designed using tables.

QUESTION: g. HTML allows you to assign different colours to hyperlinks depending on the action taken by the user on that particular hyperlink. Evaluate its usefulness for programmers.

ANSWER: g. For programmers this feature is extremely useful as they can organise their codes in a better way, especially when writing a complicated or long code. They can develop a key and keep track of all the different actions that the page requires the user to make. From an aesthetic point of view, it also adds to the presentation of the page.

QUESTION: h. Write a programme in which you create two frames on a webpage. One of the frames should have an audio of your favourite song embedded in it, while the other should have a link to its video. Give your webpage an interesting heading and background colour.

ANSWER: h. This lesson will require students to have access to the lab for at least two lessons. Two properly created frames with the audio and video embedded so that they are functional are required. Also, the heading and background colour should be appropriate to the subject matter used for both the audio and the video. As well as marking the technical aspect of the question, marks can also be allocated for creativity.

CHAPTER 5

AUDACITY PAGE:

82-101

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. iv. all of these

b. i. Spacebar

c. ii. Ctrl+D

d. i. Effect

e. i. Ctrl+A

f. ii. .aup

g. i. Import

h. ii. Ctrl+V

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. How can you create a copy of the selected audio on the same track?

ANSWER: a. To create a copy of the selected portion of an audio on the same track:

i. Select the portion of audio track you want to copy.

ii. Select the Copy option from the Edit menu.

iii. Click at the position on the track where you want to insert the copied audio.

iv. Select the Paste option from the Edit menu.

QUESTION: b. List the steps to export an audio file so that it can be opened in a program like c. Windows Media Player.

ANSWER: b. To export an audio file to a program like Windows Media Player, follow the steps below:

i. Select File Export.

ii. In the Export File dialog box that appears, enter the desired file name and select a format in the Save as type: menu.

iii. Click on Save.

QUESTION: c. What are the default values for the Default Sample Rate and the Default Sample Format?

ANSWER: c. The Default Sample Rate is 44100Hz and the Default Sample Format is 32-bit float.

QUESTION: d. List the different audio file formats that can be opened in Audacity.

ANSWER: d. WAV, AIF, and MP3 are some of the common audio file formats that can be opened in Audacity.

QUESTION: e. How can the duration of an audio be measured?

ANSWER: e. The duration of an audio can be measured in minutes and seconds using the ruler (the Timeline) above the waveform.

QUESTION: f. Mention two ways in which you can play an audio.

ANSWER: f. To play an audio, click the Play button on the Transport toolbar or press the Spacebar.

QUESTION: g. Can you change the name of a track? How?

ANSWER: g. Yes. To change the name of a track:

i. Click the drop-down menu arrow of the Audio Track option and select Name…

ii. The Track Name dialog box appears. Type a track name of your choice and click OK.

QUESTION: h. How can you import a music file as a background?

ANSWER: h. To import a music file as a background:

i. Select File Import Audio. The Select one or more audio files… dialog box appears.

ii. Select a file of your choice and click Open.

iii. The selected music file is added as a background.

QUESTION: i. Asad has downloaded Audacity on to his computer to listen to music. Unfortunately, he is unaware of the file formats that are supported by this software programme. List the different formats that can be played on Audacity and give their properties. Do you think it is important for there to be restrictions on how this software can be used? Why is it important for ‘free, open source’ software to be available to use? Do you think it is actually free?

ANSWER: i. The properties of the different formats that can be played on Audacity are as follows: 

 WAV AIFF MP3 used for raw and uncompressed data Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems developed by Moving Pictures compatible with Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, and Linux operating systems better sound quality than WAV good sound quality large files, so not usually shared over Internet popular because uses file compression which means files are of smaller size The question about the restrictions on how to use the software is a subjective one and students will answer differently, so there is no right or wrong answer here. As for the importance of why there should be an open software, students might give reasons such as:

• more people can access the software

• it is cheaper

• it is possible to experiment with different software Nothing is actually free. It is important that students realise that there is a cost associated with developing any software. ‘Free’ software packages are often basic versions of the complete software and therefore have limited functionalities so if the user want to use all its features then the full software package will need to be purchased.

QUESTION: j. Saleem is working on a documentary about different kinds of birds and their sounds. How will the following options in Audacity help with this fascinating and informative documentary? What other properties could be used? Why?

• mixing narration with background music
• having multiple tracks in one project
• adding effects such as ’Fade in’ and the silence generator

ANSWER: j. • This will make the documentary more pleasing to watch and listen to because carefully chosen music can add to the mood of the narration.

• Multiple tracks allow different parts of the documentary to have different types of movie moods. For example, if the documentary is about lions hunting, more thrilling, and lively music can be used to illustrate this part of the documentary whereas lions at rest could be illustrated by gentler music.

• These effects help in smoothing out the sound in general. ‘Fade in’ helps avoid abrupt transitions, whilst the silence generator is more important when the user wants to cut out unwanted words or language.

QUESTION:K

ANSWER: k. The quality of the recording will determine how well the students have mastered the skills of using audacity. The music teacher may be able to assist with making the ‘musical judgement.’

CHAPTER 6

LIGHTWORKS OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS PAGE:

102-123

1. a. F. The Edit Viewer has a red border.

b. T

c. T

d. F. The selection appears white.

e. F. The Replace and Insert functions are used to get pictures and sound into the edit.

2. a. iv. all of these

b. iv. both i. and ii.

c. iv. both i. and ii.

d. iv. all of these

e. iv. all of the above

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. What are the two ways of importing files?

ANSWER: a. To import a file or a group of files into your project:

i. Click the Import icon on the toolbar. The Select Files to Import dialog box appears.

ii. Click on Places at the top-left corner of the dialog box. From the menu that opens, navigate to the directory containing the files you wish to import.

iii. Select the files you wish to import into your project in the Select files to import dialog box that opens. The Name, Format, Rate, Size, and Date of each clip is displayed here. Make sure that the frame rate of the file is compatible with the project frame rate.

iv. Click Import. A panel reporting the progress of the import process is displayed.

Or Another way of importing files is Batch Import. Right-click the Import icon and select Batch Import…. The Batch Import dialog box opens. Click Add Files. The Select files to import dialog box appears. Choose your files, click Start and click Import.

QUESTION: b, Name all the extension of a video file which you can use in Lightworks.

ANSWER: b. Video files with the extensions AVI, MOV, MXF, MPG, and MPEG can be imported into Lightworks for processing.

QUESTION: C, How will you create a new bin, add a video and an audio clip, and make it permanent?

ANSWER: c. To create a new bin:

i. Click the Bin icon on the toolbar. This opens the bin.

ii. Drag the tiles in the Imports dialog box to the bin to add them to the bin folder. To make the added files permanent:

i. Click the cogs icon on the bin and select the Permanence as Permanent.

QUESTION: d. Explain the mark and park procedure of marking a clip.

ANSWER: d. For many editing operations, one needs to select a length of the source clip. This can be done by marking the In point and the Out point on the clip. This process is called mark and park in Lightworks. To mark and park do the following:

i. Position the frame marker where you want the clip to begin.

ii. Press the ‘In’ mark button on the console. A blue marker comes up below the current frame red marker.

iii. Now move the current frame red marker to where you want the clip to end.

iv. The portion between the blue marker and the current red frame marker is now selected and appears in white (i.e., marked).

QUESTION: e. How will you export the edited file to your desktop?

ANSWER: e. To export the file:

i. Drag the Export icon on the toolbar onto the edit, clip, tile or bin. Or Right-click on the edit, clip, tile or bin, and from the menu that opens, select Export.

ii. The Export window opens.

iii. Select the destination drive for the exported media.

iv. Type the name of the exported file.

v. Click Start.

vi. A Status window opens, displaying the progress of the export.

vii. After completion, a report displays in a Tasks Log window.

QUESTION: f. Ahmed is having trouble organising his video and audio clips in Lightworks. Share your analysis of using rooms, racks, and bins to organise a project.

ANSWER: f. Bins allow the user to keep all the audio and video clips that are going to be used in one place, while racks allow the user to store and keep track of all the bins. These two features are important because a movie can consist of a large number of video and audio clips and the user may save them haphazardly thereby losing track of where all the material is. Rooms are important because they store the material for one project. This allows for further organisation of projects. So, racks and bins ensure that individual projects remain organised and rooms allow the user to maintain organised data for different projects.

QUESTION: g, Evaluate the usefulness of ‘slip a shot’, and ’slide a shot’ functions in making videos.

ANSWER: g. Videos are made of many frames and a good software will allow the user to manipulate those frames to make the best possible video. The ‘slip a shot’ feature allows the user to increase or decrease the length of the beginning clip without affecting the middle clip. The ‘slide a shot’ feature is also important because it lets the user increase or decrease the first clip at its end while at the same time increasing or decreasing the third clip at its beginning, while leaving the middle clip intact. Both are important because a good video depends on how a videographer manipulates frames.

QUESTION: h. Create a video about the hobbies of different family members and friends. To do this, first shoot small clips about each individual, making sure they are happy for you to film them. Then use Lightworks to edit and create a single video from the short clips. You can add a soundtrack to your video if you like.

ANSWER: h. It is best to define the time limit for the videos when this work is assigned to students. A 2 to 3 minute short video should be enough, both in terms of duration and the level of work that will be required. When watching the final product ask students questions about which features they used and how they used them. Mark the video for visual and audio quality, as well as creativity.

CHAPTER 7

INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOSHOP CS3 PAGE:

124-141

 OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. iv. all of these

b. ii. Status bar

c. i. Lasso Tool

d. iv. any one of these

e. iii. Elliptical Marquee Tool

f. i. Custom Shape

g. iii. Magnetic Lasso Tool

h. ii. Shift + Ctrl +S

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. Name the various Marquee Tools. 

ANSWER: a. Rectangular Marquee tool, Elliptical Marquee tool, Single Row Marquee tool, and Single Column Marquee tool.

QUESTION: b. What is the default foreground and background Coiour?

ANSWER: b. The default foreground and background colours are black and white respectively.

QUESTION: c. How can you create a new file in Photoshop CS3?

ANSWER: c. To create new file:

i. Select File New. The New dialog box appears.

ii. In the New dialog box, specify the following:

• Name: Assign a name to the file. By default, Photoshop names the files Untitled-1, Untitled-2, etc.

• Width and Height: Enter the width and height of the new file. You can choose the required unit (pixels, inches, centimetres, points, or picas). The default unit is pixels.

• Resolution: Enter the desired resolution.

• Color Mode: Choose from the given options (bitmap, grayscale, RGB color, CMYK color).

• Background Contents: Choose from white, background color, and transparent. iii. Click OK. A new blank file opens on the screen.

QUESTION: d. What is the use of the Gradient Tool?

ANSWER: d. The Gradient Tool is used to fill a selected portion or an entire layer with a gradient (a fill consisting of two or more colors blending together).

QUESTION: e. List the steps to change the foreground Colour.

ANSWER: e. To change the foreground color:

i. Click the Foreground colour selection box in the tools panel. The Color Picker dialog box appears.

ii. Drag the color slider. iii. Click in the Color Field and choose a colour.

iv. Click OK.

QUESTION: f. What is the use of the Circular Marquee Tool?

ANSWER: f. The Circular (or Elliptical) Marquee tool is used to select an elliptical or a circular area of an image.

QUESTION: g. Differentiate between the Marquee and the Lasso tools.

ANSWER: g. The Marquee tools are used to select rectangular, square, elliptical, or circular areas of an image while the Lasso tools are used to make free-hand selections of an image.

QUESTION:H h. What do you understand by the term ‘resolution’?

ANSWER: h. Resolution is the number of pixels per inch that make up an image. At a higher resolution, an image is sharper but its file size is also bigger.

QUESTION:I i. Alizeh is working on a picture of her pet dog and wants to show the image in different perspectives. Explain the different ways in which an image can be transformed in Photoshop. What are the potential benefits of doing this?

ANSWER: i. The different ways that an image can be transformed include: skewing, rotating, scaling, flipping horizontally or vertically, applying a perspective, and distorting. The benefits of having so many options are that it allows the user to present images in a variety of different ways according to the need of the webpage and the message that is being conveyed. It offers the user flexibility in manipulating images.

QUESTION:J j. Bilal has been given the following pictures and has to make the required changes in ’them- How would he do this? ls it an easy task? Justify your response.

– a picture of playground where he needs to focus on the two children in the foreground

– an image where he needs to blend two background colours together

– A picture where he needs to turn the people in the picture to the opposite Side

ANSWER: j. • Using the crop tool, the area that is focussed on can be selected. When the Enter key is pressed only the selected area will remain.

 • The gradient tool will allow the user to blend two colours together.

• The transform tool can be used to do this. In all three cases, the requirements of the task are made easy by the use of specific tools designed for that purpose.

QUESTION:K k. Open the picture of your favourite super hero in Photoshop. Make the following changes to it and note down the steps you take for each of them. Why do you think is it important to follow the steps in order?

-Change the background/foreground colour of the picture.

– Crop away any details you do not like.

– Copy the image within the same file.

– Add a gradient and transform the picture.

ANSWER: k. This is a lab-based question and it is recommended that students be given at least one lesson to complete this. Advise the students to save only one image with all the tasks performed on it rather than four separate ones. Students can be assessed on their selection of the correct tool as detailed below:

• Colour tool to change foreground and background colours

• Crop tool for cropping away unwanted details

• Use one of the selection tools such as the lasso tool to choose the part of the image the user wants to move, then click on the Move tool. Finally, using the ALT key, drag the cut portion where ever the user wants to place it on the screen.

• The gradient tool to add the gradient and the transform tool for the transforming the picture.

CHAPTER 8

TOOLS USED IN PHOTOSHOP CS3 PAGE:

142-159

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. ii. Background Eraser Tool

b. i. Background

c. iv. all of these

d. ii. Layers palette

e. i. Type Layer

f. iii. Options bar

g. i. Filters

h. iv. all of these

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. Can you select multiple layers in Photoshop? If yes, how?

ANSWER: a. Yes, we can select multiple layers in Photoshop. For this, click the first layer and then press Shift key and click on the last layer.

QUESTION: b. What is the use of the Spot Healing Brush Tool?

ANSWER: b. The Spot Healing Brush Tool is used to remove blemishes, scars, spots, and other imperfections in a photograph. One can simply click and drag the mouse pointer across the affected area and the flaw disappears.

QUESTION: c. How can you flatten all visible layers? What is the use of flattening the layers?

ANSWER: c. To flatten all visible layers, we have to make sure that all the layers are visible, and then select Layer Flatten Image command located in Layers menu. Flattening reduces the file size by merging all visible layers into the background.

QUESTION: d. What is the currently selected layer in Photoshop called?

ANSWER: d. The currently selected layer in Photoshop is called the active layer.

QUESTION: e. What are the steps to rename a layer?

ANSWER: e. To rename a layer:

QUESTION: f. Analyse the importance of working with layers in Photoshop.

ANSWER: f. The use of layers is an important aspect of working in Photoshop. Layers allow a lot of flexibility for the user. If something should go wrong, that particular layer can be fixed without touching other layers, thus saving on effort and time.

QUESTION: g. Hamza is having trouble working out how a number of tools work in Photoshop. Explain the workings of each of the following tools: blur, clone, smudge, dodge, burn. These are great tool names, but why are they so called?

ANSWER: g. Most tools derive their names from the type of functions that they perform. Blur can soften or blur a particular area of an image Clone duplicates selected areas of an image Smudge creates the effect of wet paint being smudged by a finger Dodge can make darker areas lighter Burn darkens the pixels in an image

QUESTION: h. Using the image of your superhero which you designed for Question 3 in Chapter 7, add more layers to it and give it a more detailed look. At each step document what you did and why you did it.

ANSWER: h. This is a lab-based lesson and students should be given ample time to complete their work, preferably 2 lessons. Students can be assessed on the finished project as well as on their documentation of it to clarify the correct use of tools.

i. Double-click the layer in the Layers palette.

ii. Type a new name for the layer.

CHAPTER 9

INTRODUCTION TO DREAMWEAVER CS3 PAGE:

160-182

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. F. An image can be resized by mentioning its height and width in the Property Inspector.

b. F. By default, the Property Inspector is located at the lower edge of the workspace.

c. T

d. F. Show Code and Design views allows you to see both the code and the web page for the same document in a single window.

e. T f. T

2. a. iv. self

b. iii. *

c. iii. Page Properties

d. ii. Status bar

e. ii. Link

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. Differentiate between the local root folder and the remote folder.

ANSWER: a. A local root folder is a folder on one’s local computer which stores the files one is currently working on, whereas a remote folder is a folder on the computer where the web server is running.

QUESTION: b. What are the different ways to start a new website?

ANSWER: b. To create a new Website:

i. In the opening page, under Create New, click Dreamweaver Site. Or ii. Click Site New Site to open a new website. The Site Definition dialog box appears. It has two tabs – Basic and Advanced. The Basic tab is selected by default. Here we enter information for the website in a series of screens that appear as we keep clicking the Next button.

iii. We can now see our website folder listed in the Files panel.

QUESTION: c. How will you add a web page to a website folder?

ANSWER: c. To add a web page to a website folder follow these steps:

i. Select File New.

ii. The New Document dialog box appears. By default, the following options are selected: the new document is a Blank Page, the Page Type is HTML, and the layout is None. Click Create.

iii. The Document window appears. Type the text as needed.

iv. Click File Save to save the HTML file. The Save As dialog box appears. Type a name for the file and click Save.

QUESTION: d. How will you set a text or an image as a hyperlink using the Point to file icon?

ANSWER: d. For this, select the text or image and drag the Point to File icon next to the Link text box in the Property Inspector to the target document in the Files panel. Then select the option in the Target text box.

QUESTION: e. What is a Flash button? How will you add a Flash button to a web page?

ANSWER: e. Flash buttons are images that can be hyperlinked. To add a Flash button to a web page do the following:

i. Place the cursor where you want to insert the Flash button.

ii. On the Common tab of the Insert bar, select Media and choose the Flash Button option from the menu. Or Select Insert Media Flash Button. The Insert Flash Button dialog box appears. Select the Style for the button. Type the Button text. Select the Font and font Size. Browse to the file linked to this button. Select the Target window. You can change the background color of the button. After applying all the desired changes, click Apply. The button will appear on the web page. If you like the button, click OK. Otherwise, change your selections and click Apply again to see how it looks. Finally, click OK.

QUESTION: f. Bilal’s Science teacher has asked him to create a web page for his Science project. Bilal is confused whether to use HTML or Dreamweaver to make this page. Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of both software. Which one would you prefer?

ANSWER: f. There is no right or wrong to a person’s preference, so students could prefer either but they should be able to justify their answer. Advantages of using Dreamweaver:

• efficiency and ease of use

• can use templates to make webpages

• can make consistent looking websites and webpages

• managing and updating websites is quicker Advantages of using HTML:

• easy to understand

• supported by all browsers

• free software

• search engine friendly

• most development tools support HTML

QUESTION: g. Dreamweaver provides a number of options when it comes to dealing with hyperlinks, such as where to put the hyperlink, defining anchor links, and giving different colours to links. Evaluate the usefulness of all three features in relation to browsing on the internet.

ANSWER: g. A named anchor link allows the user to link to a particular part of a long document. Providing different colours to links; dependent on the action performed; makes it easier for the user to know which links have been utilised, for example, rollover link, active, visited. Hyperlink placement is important because it adds to the user-friendliness of the webpage.

QUESTION: h. Create a web page for yourself entitled ’This is ME!’ Use as many of the features as possible that are mentioned in this chapter. Your page should include some personal information, some pictures (linked and not linked), and any other information that is important to you. Make sure to save your work as this will be needed in the next chapter.

ANSWER: h. This is a lab-based exercise and students could be given at least two lessons to complete this work. Students may be required to document which tools and commands they used and could be asked to justify their choices.

CHAPTER 10

IMAGES AND FRAMESETS IN DREAMWEAVER CS3 PAGE:

183-202

OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

1. a. F. One can add any number of images to a web page.

b. T

c. T

d. T

e. T

2. a. ii. Width and Height

b. ii. ALT

c. ii. Hotspot

d. ii. Frameset

e. ii. ALT

DESCRIPTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

QUESTION: a. What are the three formats of the image supported by web browsers?

ANSWER: a. Graphic Interchange Format (GIF), Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), and Portable Network Group (PNG) are the formats supported by most web browsers.

QUESTION: b. What are the two ways of inserting a Rollover image?

ANSWER: b. Two ways of inserting rollover images are:

• Click Images drop-down menu on the Insert bar of the Common tab and select Rollover Image. Or

• Select Insert Image Objects Rollover Image.

QUESTION: c. What are the three shapes that can be used to define the image map area?

ANSWER: c. Rectangle, circle, and polygon are the three shapes that can be used to define an Image Map area.

QUESTION: d.How will you add an Excel file to a web page?

d. To add an Excel file to a web page:

i. Open the page that will have the link to the Excel document.

ii. Drag the Excel file from its current location to anywhere on the Dreamweaver page. The Insert Document dialog box appears.

iii. Select Create a link and click OK. If the document you are linking to is not in your site’s root folder, Dreamweaver prompts you to copy it to the site root folder. This ensures that the document will be available when you publish the Website

iv. Press F12 or click Preview/Debug in Browser.

v. The web page will show a link to the Excel file. The file is downloaded when you click to open the file.

QUESTION: e. What is the advantage of adding a frameset to a web page?

ANSWER: e. The most common use of frames or framesets is for navigation. A set of frames often includes one frame containing a navigation bar and another frame to display the main content pages. Using frames in this way has the following advantages:

• A visitor’s browser doesn’t need to reload the navigation-related graphics for every page.

• Each frame has its own scroll bar (if the content is too large to fit in a window), so that a visitor can scroll the frames independently. For example, a visitor who scrolls to the bottom of a long page of content in a frame doesn’t need to scroll back up to the top to use the navigation bar if the navigation bar is in a different frame.

QUESTION: f. Tariq has been asked to compare the following framesets in Dreamweaver them on a chart and writing an explanation of what they do in terms of wet –Fixed bottom, nested right

ANSWER: f. Tariq should open a new document and go to the ‘Page from Sample’ option and choose ‘Frameset’. A list will drop down where all these choices will be mentioned. He can pick each in turn and see how it looks. He could include each choice on chart paper.

QUESTION:G

ANSWER: g. For someone who is beginning to make webpages, tables provide an easy and structured way to maintain data, and create a webpage. Each space is predefined and guides the developer in a step by step manner.

QUESTION:H

ANSWER: h. Students will probably only require one lesson to apply these features to their existing page. Assessment will be on the correct use of each of the items and how they fit into the overall scheme of the webpage.

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