NOTES: STUDIES IN ISLAM (short copy)CLASS 8TH ABDUL AZIZ ISLAMIC BOOK SERVICE (IBS)

NOTES: (short notes) STUDIES IN ISLAM CLASS 8TH ABDUL AZIZ ISLAMIC BOOK SERVICE (IBS)

L: 01 Belief in Allah All-Mighty   P:13

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ANS1:

MARVELS OF OUR OWN BODY& THE EXISTENCE OF ALLAH:

The greatest of all nature’s wonder is Man. Our body is far more complex than a complicated computer.

Man has ability to think, to talk, to choose etc. He can know about Allah is the awareness of His Existence by inner light within.

Marvels of the world and The objects of the space & the existence of Allah:

From the tiniest object on the earth to the huge constellations of stars visible to us, strengthen our faith in the grandeur and greatness of the Creator consequently increases.

In short every thing of the world points to the existence of Allah.

ANS2:

The greatest of all nature’s wonder is Man. Our body is far more complex than a complicated computer. Man has ability to think, to talk, to choose etc. The more he thinks on different objects of nature, the more mysterious they appear to him.

His small mind is lost in wonderment when confronted with the grandeur of space.

He can know about Allah is the awareness of His Existence by inner light.

ANS3:

We can’t say that the universe is the result of mere chance. Let us think of a camera. No one coming across a camera would say that the different parts from which it was made had come together by chance. The make of the camera would force one to believe that it had been designed and put together by an intelligent mind.

ANS4:

REVELATION:

Revelation (Wahy) is related to the verb reveal which means to unveil or to make known.

The clearest and surest evidence relating to Allah’s existence is given by Revelation. ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY created everything and knows completely human beings and the universe.

So, to learn about ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY and His plans for us we need the help of Revelation(The Qur’an) and Sunnah of His Prophet علیہ صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم

ANS5:

FEW ATTRIBUTES OF ALLAH

1.      He is All-wise, All-powerful, All-knowing and All-seeing.

2.      He is closer to us than we think.

3.      He responds to us when we reach out to Him.

4.      He exists between us and our heart.

5.      He is most Compassionate.

6.      He is most Merciful. He is the Master, Creator, Nourisher and Sustainer.

7.      He listens to our prayers and grants them.

8.      He alone is worthy of our worship and obedience.

ANS6:

MEANING OF SURAH AL-IKHLAS

In the Name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful

1.                        Say: He is Allah, the One,

2.                       Allah the self-sufficient Master, whom all creatures need.

3.                       He gives no birth, nor was He born.

4.                       And equal to Him is not anyone.

ANS7:

The word Tawhid mean the Oneness of ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY.

ANS8:

EFFECTS OF TAWHID ON ITS BELIEVERS:

1.         Belief in Tawhid produces in the believer a high degree of self- respect and confidence.

2.          It produces in the believer a sense of modesty and humbleness.

3.        It makes him virtuous and conscious of Allah. It creates in him an awareness that unless he lives rightly and justly, he cannot succeed.

4.        The believer does not despair or become broken-hearted. He continues to struggle with strength given to him by Allah.

5.        This belief produces in the believer a strong degree of
determination and steadfastness. It makes him firm and strong like a mountain.

6.        It broadens his vision; It gives him peace of mind. It frees him from envy and greed.

7. It makes man obey Allah’s Commands.

8.A believer in Tawhid seeks the pleasure of Allah. Whatever He does, he does for Allah.

ANS9:

ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY created us for His worship.

L: 03 Belief in Prophet hood (Risalah) P:17

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ANS1:

RISALAH:

Risāla means “message” in Arabic.

It is also an Islamic term that has a broader meaning. Risāla means scriptures revealed from God through a Messenger (Arabic ar-Rasūl) to the people.

These messengers bring laws to their communities so as to guide them towards the straight path of God. They can be social laws, state laws or any other kind of laws.

Hadrat Adam was the first Prophet علیہ السلام of ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY.

ANS2:

FUNCTION OF THE PROPHET S علیہم السلام

1.      Reminding people of the knowledge of the oneness of the Creator, and introducing them to the attributes of the Creator, which is an obvious prerequisite of establishing the correct relationship with the Creator;

2.      Introducing man to the detailed directives of the Creator, which were based on and in keeping with the basic inborn values already entailed in the human heart and soul;

3.      Setting a practical example of a life lived according to the basic inborn values and knowledge entailed in the human heart and soul and according to the guidance that comes through revelation.

Reminding man of the day when he shall have to face his Creator and shall have to face the consequences of his deeds performed during the test of this life.

Messengers are Prophet s علیہ السلام whom have been ordered to convey and propagate what God revealed to them.

4.      They have conveyed the message of God; and have revealed what they were ordered to reveal to the responsible and accountable individuals;

5.      Those messengers bring laws to humanity that will put them on the straight path to God. They can be social laws, state laws or any other kind of laws.”

ANS3:

Allah with His absolute Wisdom and Knowledge, decided to select the best of men as His Prophet s علیہم السلام and to deliver His message through these Prophet s علیہم السلام, rather than give His detailed directives to all men directly, to keep the life of this world a test for man.

This test, it may be reminded consists of accepting realities by using our invaluable faculty of reasoning. Had God given His guidance to all mankind directly, no one would be left with the freedom and choice of accepting or rejecting the truth.

This would effectively have refuted the concept of the test that man has been put into. We know that the very concept of the ‘test’ requires man to have the freedom to accept as well as reject what is right and wrong. Just as no one would effectively have the choice of rejecting God’s presence on the Day of Judgment, direct guidance to all individuals would have had the same effect.

Therefore, in keeping with the concept of the ‘test’ during the life of this world, God decided to give His detailed guidance to mankind through the select class of people called the ‘Prophet s علیہ السلام’. However, it should be kept in mind that the information given by these Prophet s علیہم السلام was not absolutely alien to man.

This information was basically an extension of the basic values and knowledge that was inherent to the human heart and soul. It is for this reason that the Qur’an has termed the guidance that comes through the Prophet s علیہم السلام of God as a ‘reminder’.

ANS4:

THE QUALITIES OF THE PROPHET S علیہم السلام :

1.   Prophet sعلیہم السلام are neither god, nor His images nor His sons. They were merely men, but specially gifted and innocent persons chosen by Allah to guide mankind. By themselves they had no control over anything in Allah’s creation, nor did they possess, by themselves, any supernatural power.

2.   They did not possess any heavenly treasures or secret knowledge. They were mortals like other humans. Although they were just men, Prophet s علیہم السلام were superior to other people by virtue of their righteousness and piety.

3.   They were very holy and never deceived anyone. They were innocent and free from sins. All the Prophet s علیہم السلام were the doers of good. Their teaching was free from errors. They taught people how to live on earth.

4.   The basic message of all the Prophet علیہ السلامs was the same: Oneness of Allah, to worship Him and to shun false gods and powers of evil. They all taught precisely the same faith.

5.    They were the models or exemplars to be followed. It is the Prophet علیہ السلام’s example that inspires a living faith in the hearts of his followers. It brings about a real change in their lives.

ANS5:Yes, a Muslim is required to believe in all the Prophet علیہ السلامs of Allah.
ANS7:

It is often understood to mean that Muhammad is the last in a series of Prophet علیہ السلامs who, according to Muslim beliefs, were chosen by God to deliver the divine message of Islam.

The meaning of the Arabic word Khātam (a noun) is a ‘seal’ (of approval), a seal as a means of authentication, and/or superiority; or something that leaves an imprint, and also the imprint itself; or a ‘Signet’ or a ‘Signet ring’. Muslims generally agree that Muhammad received the final revelation from God, in the form of the Qur’an, and that it was intended for all mankind, for all time to come.

This being the Last and Final Testament is understood from words of the Qur’an, “This day have I perfected your religion for you, completed my favor upon you, and have chosen for you Islam as your religion”  These are also supposed to be the last verses revealed to Muhammad before his demise in 632 CE.

Among the Muslim scholars, there is a complete consensus that Muhammad is the Last of the Prophet s علیہ السلام who gave mankind a New Law (Shariah), however, the advent of a Prophet علیہ السلام in the later days (Jesus son of Mary) has never been denied, who will appear as a “Subordinate” or “Disciple” (ummati) Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم and will judge according to Muhammadan Law.

ANS8:

MUHAMMAD THE SEAL OF THE PROPHET S:

When a document is sealed, it is complete. It needs no further additions. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم Muhammad   dosed the long line of Prophet s. Allah’s teaching is and will always be continuous, but there has been and will be no Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  after Allah’ Messenger. He was the Last of the Prophet s
He was sent as a Messenger to whole mankind, to all men, until the end of this world.

Allah’s Messenger صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم reported to have said; “Mine and the example of the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم before me is the example of a man who built a house and he mad it very good and beautiful with the exception of a stone in a corner so people began to go round it and to wonder at it and say, why has not this stone been placed?

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  continued, “I am this stone and I am the Last of the Prophet s علیہ السلام .” (Al-Bukhari)

The Qur’an is the last of the Revealed Books. It will continue to guide mankind until the end of this world. The directions and commands contained, in it apply to all times to come. They offer an answer to all situations. It is the Last and Final word of Allah.

 

 

L: 04 FACTS ABOUT PROPHET S

I Prophet  Hud(علیہ السلام)II Prophet  Salih (علیہ السلام) P:22,23

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ANS1:

The tribe called Thamoud, to which the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  Salih ‘s (علیہ السلام) belonged.
The Thamoud were the successors to the culture and civilisation of the Ad. They were the younger branch of the same race.

ANS2:

DWELLING PLACE:

Their seat was in the north west corner of Arabia between Madinah and Syria.

When Allah’s Messenger in the 9th year of Hijrah, led his expedition to Tabuk (about 4 hundred miles north of Madinah) against the Roman forces, he and his companions came across the remains of the Thamoud.

ANS3:

The Thamoud are often referred to in pre-Islarnic poetry as the second Ad.

ANS4:

THE CHARACTER OF THAMOUD :

The Thamoud were great builders in stone and a people with agricultural wealth. They carved out spacious dwellings out of the cliffs. They had reached a high degree in their civilization and power but they Oppressed the poor. They were very proud of their skill in producing corn and fruits and hewing fine dwellings out of rocks.

The rich oppressed the poor and kept them out of the good things of life. Blinded by wealth and power, they totally forgot Allah and began to worship idols. But while they forgot Allah did not forget them. He sent to them His Prophet Salih (علیہ السلام) to show them the right path.

Salih (علیہ السلام)’s life with his people was most righteous. He was a noble man. He said to them, “0 my people! Serve Allah! You have no god other than He. It is He who created you from the earth and has allowed you to live therein. Ask forgiveness of Him, surely, my Lord is near and answers prayer.

They said, “what, do you forbid us to serve what our fathers served? Truly we are in doubt concerning what you call us to do.” We do not believe what you say and we are not going to do as you advise.”

Salih (علیہ السلام) said, “I am for you a faithful Messenger, so fear Allah, and obey me. I ask of you no wage for this, my wage falls only upon the Lord of all Beings.”

They said, “You are merely one of those that are bewitched. You are nothing but a man like any of us. Show us a sign, if you are one of the truthful!

ANS5:

The people of the Thamoud were cruel and oppressor to the poor.

ANS6:

ALLAH’S SHE-CAMEL:

Salih (علیہ السلام) brought a she-camel and said, ‘This she-camel will be a sign for you from Allah but let her graze on Allah’s earth and let her drink at the springs. She should be protected by the whole tribe.

You should not do evil and cause trouble to this she-camel. If you do; a severe punishment will descend upon you. Make Allah’s gifts on this free earth available to all. Give the poor their rights.
The she-camel is a symbol and therefore sacred to you.’

ANS7:

Salih (علیہ السلام) used her as a warning to the oppressors of the poor. The springs of water were few and the arrogant prevented the access of the poor of their cattle to the springs.

Salih (علیہ السلام) to demanded that the she-camel should be given a drink along with others and that she should be allowed to pasture on the land without any hindrance. But the arrogant came to no reason. They refused to listen to Salih (علیہ السلام) and did a cruel thing. They slaughtered the she-camel in a very cruel manner and thus openly broke Allah’s command.

They then laid a plan for the murder of their Prophet (علیہ السلام) and the slaying of the she-camel was a sign that they were about to execute their plan against Salih (علیہ السلام) himself.

After killing the she-camel, they called Salih (علیہ السلام) and said, “Now bring us the punishment of which you have been warning us.”

ANS8:

” They said, “You are merely one of those that are bewitched. You are nothing but a man like any of us. Show us a sign, if you are one of the truthful!

ANS9:

Salih (علیہ السلام) brought a she-camel and said, ‘This she-camel will be a sign for you from Allah but let her graze on Allah’s earth and let her drink at the springs. She should be protected by the whole tribe.

You should not do evil and cause trouble to this she-camel. If you do; a severe punishment will descend upon you. Make Allah’s gifts on this free earth available to all. Give the poor their rights.
The she-camel is a symbol and therefore sacred to you.’

ANS10:

Salih (علیہ السلام) brought a she-camel and said, ‘This she-camel will be a sign for you from Allah but let her graze on Allah’s earth and let her drink at the springs. She should be protected by the whole tribe. You should not do evil and cause trouble to this she-camel. If you do; a severe punishment will descend upon you. Make Allah’s gifts on this free earth available to all. Give the poor their rights.
The she-camel is a symbol and therefore sacred to you.’

ANS11:

But the arrogant came to no reason. They
refused to listen to Salih (علیہ السلام) and did a cery cruel thing. They slaughtered the she-camel in a very cruel manner and thus openly broke Allah’s command.

They then laid a plan for the murder of their Prophet (علیہ السلام) and the slaying of the she-camel was a sign that they were about to execute their plan against Salih (علیہ السلام) himself. After killing the she-camel, they called Salih (علیہ السلام) and said, “Now bring us the punishment of which you have been warning us.”

ANS12:

When Salih (علیہ السلام) came to know that the she-camel had beer slain, he become very sad. He knew by Revelation that Divine Punishment was now ready to strike his tribe.

The punishment was, not long delayed.

Salih (علیہ السلام) gave them three days’ time for further thought and repentance. But they paid no heed.
After three days, a terrible earthquake came by night. A terrible day of destruction – earthquake, volcanic eruption, lava, cinders
and ashes, to which the black lava-fields of northern Hijaz bear eloquent witness to this day!

The earthquake came and buried them in their own fortress homes, which they considered places of security! The morning found them lying on their faces! Allah protected Salih (علیہ السلام) and his followers.

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ANS1:

The tribe of Ad, to which Prophet (علیہ السلام) Hud belonged, dwelt in the vast desert region between Uman and Hadramawt, in the south of Arabia, centuries before the advent of Islam.

ANS2:

The tribe of Ad, descended from their ancestor Nuh .The Ad were noted for their great power and influence. The people of this tribe were tall, strong and skilful builders. They built large and beautiful’ mansions and were very proud of their buildings.
Allah had given them wealth and power. They had splendid orchards, their valleys were rich with camels and sheep.

ANS3:

The Ad were not grateful to Allah for these bounties.

They had lost all faith and abandoned themselves to evil. They had rejected the message of the Prophet s previously sent to the world.

They were materialists and they felt secure in their fortresses and resources. They drew no lesson from the terrible calamity of the Flood, whose story they had heard from their forefathers.

ANS4:

Like Nuh’s people, they also began to worship idols. They carved them out of stones with their own hands and bowed down before them and offered them sacrifices. They turned their backs on Allah and belied the Day of Judgement.
Consequently they became cruel and unjust. Theyworshipped chiefly four gods called;

1-      Saqiah, as they imagined, providing them with rain,

2-      Hafizan, ‘preserving them from all dangers aboard.

3-      Raziqah – giving them food for sustenance

4-      Salimah – curing them when illness affected them.

ANS5:

They said, ‘Hud, you have not brought us a clear sign, and we will not leave our gods for what you say. We do not believe you. We say nothing, one of our gods has smitten you with evil.

ANS6:

             Hud (علیہ السلام) replied:

“I call Allah to witness, I am quit of that which you associate with Him. Truly I have put my trust in Allah, my Lord and your Lord; if you turn your backs, I have delivered to you the message. My Lord will make a people other than you as successors; you will not hurt Him in the least. My Lord is Guardian over everything.”

ANS7:

The Ad had great power and influence. The people
of this tribe were tall, strong and skilful builders. They built large and beautiful’ mansions and were very proud of their buildings.
Allah had given them wealth and power.

They had splendid orchards, their valleys were rich with camels and sheep. They were materialists and they felt secure in their fortresses and resources.

So, the rich and wealthy reject Hud’s message.

ANS8:

HUD’S MESSAGE TO HIS PEOPLE

‘My people, there is no folly in me, but I am a Messenger from the Lord of all being. 0 my people I do not ask of you a wage for this, my wage falls only upon Allah Who created me. Will you not understand? Ask forgiveness of your Lord, then repent to Him, and He will loose heaven in torrents upon you.”

ANS9:

           Mockingly they challenged him to bring on the threatened punishment.

ANS10:

           A hurricane carrying destruction on its wings! A violent blast with dust and sand! Lives lost! Fields covered with sand dunes! Where were the men who boasted and defied their Lord! It was a terrible tornado!

ANS11:

The violent sandstorm destroyed everything. It plucked up the palm-trees by their tap- roots. The sandstorm raged without break for seven nights and eight days. The dead lay about like hollow tracks of palm-trees, with their roots exposed!

L: 05 Salat-ul-Khusuf P:25

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ANS1:

THE SIGNS OF ALLAH

The signs of Allah are manifest everywhere in nature. To Allah belongs whatever is in the heavens and the earth; all obey His will.
It is He who originates creation. He brings forth the dead from the living. He brings forth the living from the dead. He revives the earth after it is dead. Of His signs is that He created us. He has set between us love and mercy.

In the creation of the heaven and the earth and the variety of our tongues and colours are His signs for all living beings. The most striking phenomenon is the alteration of day and night: the night for rest; the day for work. The sun and the moon are two signs of the signs of Allah.

ANS2:

The most striking phenomenon is the alteration of day and night: the night for rest; the day for work.

ANS3:

On the day of Ibrahim’s death, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم ‘s son, not long after his burial, there was an eclipse of the sun;

ANS4:

when some people related it to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم ‘s bereavement, he said, “The sun and the moon are two signs of Allah. They do not suffer an eclipse for any man’s death or life. If you see them eclipsed, you should glorify the Lord, offer Salah and give alms.”

ANS5:

Remember Me, I Will Remember You   “UnQably, by the remembrance of Allah hearts are assured.” (Qur’an, 13:28)

why we feel disturbed internally, or why we feel sad – we need to go back to our hearts. The Prophet  صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  ﷺ (may the peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: “Do not talk too much without remembering and mentioning Allah, for too much talk without mentioning Allah hardens the heart, and the person farthest from Allah is the one with a hard heart.” (Tirmidhi)

Hafiz Ibn al-Qayyim stated, “In the heart there is hardness which can only be softened by remembrance of Allah. So the slave must treat the hardness of his heart with the remembrance of Allah.”

Remembrance of Allah includes specified dhikr (such as saying subhan’Allahla ilaha ila Allah, etc.), but it is also anything you do related to Allah or mentioning Allah. Anything that you do with Allah in mind – whether it is thinking well of Him, giving charity with the specific intention of doing it for His sake, making du’a’ (supplication) and so on is within the realm of dhikr.

ANS6:

               The Salatul-Khusuf differs a little from the ordinary Salah in that there are two Rokous in each Rakah . It consists of two Rakahs
performed preferably in congregation, followed by a sermon.
However one may offer it alone. Salatul-Khusuf is the Sunnah of Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم

ANS7:

How is the Salatul-Khusuf offered?

1.    The Taharah; purity of the body, the clothes and the place.

2.    Wodhu.

3.    Facing the Qiblah.

4.    The person who offers it pronounces the Takbiratul-Ihram,

5.    Recites the Suratul Fatihah and then a Surah.

6.    He then performs a Rokou as in the ordinary service, though of a little longer duration.

7 . He rises from the Rokou and again recites a portion of the Holy Qur’an.

8.    This is followed by the second Rokou.

9.    After rising from the second Rokou, he performs Sajdatayi (two Sajdahs)

10.    He then performs the second Ra’kah with two Rokous as doni before.

11.    He then sits for the Tashahhud and ends the service with the Taslim.

L: 10 MORALS IN ISLAM

  1. Moral Courage and Bravery B.Keeping Promise C.Reliance on Allah All-Mighty P:

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ANS1:

Allah has created man out of wet earth. He has made man in the
best shape. He has made man so wonderful that there is nothing more wonderful than he on earth.

ANS2:

Allah has given each one of us precious gifts, but the best of all gifts is faith. Our faith is our life.

ANS3:

The real source of moral courage is faith in ALLAH ALL-MIGHTY.

ANS4:

A true believer never worries about the future or the unexpected things it has in store for him; instead he enjoys a sense of peace and security in Allah’s Justice and Mercy. His trust in Allah fills his heart and mind with power and strength. Hesitation does not find
its way into his heart. He is full of confidence.

Accordingly, When he speaks, he speaks with confidence. When he undertakes any task
he fulfils it with sincerity and interest. He is firm. He does not change his plans every day of the week. He does not undertake a thing and give up at the first difficulty. Be does not take responsibility just to abandon it. When something is entrusted to him, no matter what it costs him, he sees it through to the end. In the time of despair, he remembers that there is still a resort to seek.
Allah is always there to help him. He realizes that then is no need for despair and anxiety.

ANS5:

               The word Jihad is derived from Jahada, which means “he strove or exerted himself” against evil. Once Allah’s Messenger described man’s struggle against his own desires and weaknesses as the greatest Jihad.

ANS6:

             The life of a believer, however, stands for peace. He does not breed mischief and violence. He repels wrong with right. But if the enemy takes mean advantage and attacks, the Qur’an permits the believer the use of force to defend himself. He then fights bravely in the cause of Allah against cruelty, tyranny and injustice. He smells the’ fragrance of Paradise in battle-field. He fights bravely and his sole purpose is to make justice prevail in the world.

ANS7:

Allah’s Messenger has said, one of you sees something improper, let him change it with hi: hand; if he cannot, then with his tongue; if he cannot, then let hin consider it improper within his heart. This is the weakest of faith.

ANS7:

Umayr bin Abi Waqqas , a young boy of onl sixteen years had also joined the force. Umayr’s elder brother Sa’, bin Abi Waqqas noticed his young brother looking troubled and furtive and asked him what was the matter. “I am afraid,” said Umayr, “that Allah’s Messenger will see me and say I am too young and send me back and I long to go forth. It might be that Allah would grant me martyrdom.” As he feared, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  noticed him and said he was too young and told him to go home.
But Umayr wept and the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  let him stay and take part in the battle. He fought very bravely and was martyred. Allah fulfilled his heart’s desire.

ANS9:

             The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  noticed him and said he was too young and told him to go home.

ANS10:

SAFIYYAH WAS A VERY COURAGEOUS WOMAN:

When the battle of Uhud had ended, among the first women to come to the battle field was Safiyyah bint Abdul Muttalib whose brother Hamzah had been martyred. His belly had been ripped open, his liver, ears, nose and other parts of his flesh cut off. The enemy had mutilated his body. It was an appalling sight. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  was distressed to see Safiyyah approaching and he called her son Zubayr bin al-Awwam ~ 4ioII ~J , “Stop her and take her back, lest she. see what has befallen her brother. So Zubayr went to her and said: “Allah’s Messenger bids you return.”
But Safiyyah had already learnt the news at the edge of the battle- field.” “Why should I return?” She said. “I have heard that his body has been mutilated but it was for the sake of Allah. I promise that I shall be calm and patient.” So she came and looked at her brother and prayed over him.

ANS11:

REAL COURAGE DOES NOT DWELL IN PHYSICAL STRENGTH:

Moral decisions are not always easy. We have to weigh a few facts before we can decide what is truly the right thing to do, but if we pray to Allah, He will give us the gift of the right judgement. In truth, courage does not dwell in physical strength. Real courage is stoutness of heart and steadfastness. These qualities flow from a strong Faith in Allah.

  1. B) CHECK-UP:
ANS1:

Keeping promises is a form of honesty.Honesty is one of the basic foundations on which society is built. It is one of the noblest qualities in individuals and groups. Islam considers it among the traits of true believers. It is a quality which people had better.

ANS2:

BREAKING PROMISES – A TRAIT OF A HYPOCRITE:

Allah’s Messenger describes the breaking of promises as a trait of hypocrite saying:

“A hypocrite has three traits; when he talks he tells lies; when he makes a promise he breaks it; and if something is entrusted to him he betrays the trust.” When a Muslim gives a promise, he should fulfil it. Fulfilment of a promise is essential.

ANS3:

you should keep clearly in mind that promises made in connection with something sinful have no sense or value in them. There is no value attached to a promise in sin. No pledge is right and proper except in rightful things.

ANS4:

keeping promise depends on two factors:Memory andfirmness

ANS5:

OBSTACLES IN THE WAY OF DUTY:

This shows that deficiency in memory and lack of firm resolve an two obstacles which came in the way of the performance of duty Wakeful and sharp memory is essential for a fulfilment of : promise. How can one keep his promises if he forgets them? If ; man has a sharp memory, it is also essential that he should have the firmness to fulfil his promise. He must have a firmresolve whicl should be able to overcome all strong desires and temptations.

ANS6:

A real believer holds on to his promises, even when sacrifices have to be made in fulfilling them. At some points in life, he might be tempted to break his word in the greed of more benefit elsewhere.
If these times come, he prays to Allah for strength. A believer’s word is his bond. Allah’s Messenger refused to regard a liar as a true Muslim. Liars were classed in the same category as promise breakers and hypocrites.

ANS7:

No,not at all. A Muslim can not be a liar.

L: 18 PROPHET ٰ MUHAMMAD (صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم ) PART-I

ACTIVITY:    A) CHECK-UP:

ANS1:

In the month Safar 4 H. July 625, one of the chiefs of the tribe of Aamir paid a visit to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و His name was Abu-l-Bara Aamir ibn Maalik and he was old. When Islam was put before him, the old man said that he was not averse to it. He did not enter Islam then, but he asked that some Muslims should be sent to instruct his whole tribe. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  agreed and sent seventy of his companions Who were both pious and learned, and were from the best of the Muslims.

ANS2:

When they reached the well of Ma’unah, some neighbouring clans of Sulaym sent out a detachment of horse and massacred the whole delegation of unsuspecting Muslims in their camp, apart from two: Ka’b ibn Zayd and Amr ibn Umayyah Ka’b was seriously wounded and left in the battle-field for dead, but he
lived until the battle of the Trench, when he was martyred. Amr ibn Umayyah was taken captive but was set free afterwards. On the way back home, he met two members of the tribe of Bani Aamir and killed them, thinking to avenge his dead companions.

ANS3:

Milhan Jabbar bin Salma used to say : “What led me to embrace Islam was that( During the expedition of the well of Ma’unah,)I came up to Haram ibn from behind and thrust him between the shoulders with my spear. The point came out from Haram’s chest, and I heard his say, “By the Lord of the Ka’bah! I have triumphed.” In amazement I drew out my spear and said to myself:
‘What kind of triumph is this one? Did I not take his life?’
Afterwards I asked others and was told that he meant martyrdom. I said: “By Allah, he has triumphed.” A phrase thus led Jabbar to enter Islam.

ANS4:

One day in Rabii-ul Awwal (4 H Aug 625) the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  decided to go to the Jewish settlement of an-Nadir and ask them to help him pay the blood-money due to bani Aamir for the two men killed by Amr.

ANS5:

An-Nadir made a show that they were prepared to do what he requested, and invited them to ~tay until a meal could be prepared for them. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  accepted the invitation and he and his companions seated themselves with their backs to the wall of one of their houses. Some of the Jews withdrew and whispered among themselves: “You will never get such a chance again. Someone should go to the top of the house and drop a rock on him. Thus we shall get rid of him.”

While they were sitting there, news came from heaven to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  that the Jews were planning to kill him. So the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  rose and left the company without a word. Everyone thought that he would soon rejoin them. But when some time had passed and he had not returned, his companions took their leave of the Jews and went to the Prophet علیہ السلام صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  ‘s house. He explained to them what had happened.

ANS6:

THE EXPEDITION OF DHAT-AR-RIQA

In the same year, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم led an expedition to Najd. He had come to -know that a group from Ghatafan in Najd was collecting an army to attack the Muslims. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  marched. towards Najd until he stopped at Nakhl. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  was accompanied by six of his companions. Abu Musa Ash’ari was one of them.
They had only one camel which they rode in turn by turn. therefore, to march mostly on foot. Consequently, their feet were injured. The nails of their toes wore away and they had to wrap their feet in rags. Hence this expedition came to be known as Dhat- ar-Riqa’ which means the expedition of rags. The Muslims encountered the enemy but no fighting occured, for each feared the other. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  led the prayer of fear, then returned with his companions. The prayer mentioned here is called Salat-al-Khawf (Prayer of danger). You will learn about it in detail later.

ANS7:

SALAAT AL-KHAWF(صلوٰۃ الخوف)

Meaning: Prayer of the Fighters

EXPLANATION:

Salat AL-Khawf, literally, this means the prayer of fear or danger. It means praying in the battlefield while the worshipers are in danger of being attacked by the enemy. There are certain procedures to be followed in such a case. (See the Qur’an, 4: 102).

 

L: 19 PROPHET ٰ MUHAMMAD (صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم ) PART-II ACTIVITY: A) CHECK-UP:

ANS1:

The battle of the Confedrates (al-ahzab), also called the battle of the Trench, took place in Shawwal 5 H.

ANS2:

Towards the end of the fifth year of Hijrah, some Jewish leaders paid a secret visit to Makkah and roused up several of the Arabian tribes against the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم . They formed a confederacy under the leader- ship of Abu Sufyan, with a view to overcoming once and for all, ‘the threat’ posed by Islam to the beliefs and many of their customs.

ANS3:

An army of well over 10,000 soldiers composed of Quraysh and their allies, decided to attack Madinah. The force was estimated at a total of more than 10,000 men, and they had this time a troop of more than three hundred horse .

ANS4:

THE PROPHET صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  HOLDS A COUNCIL OF WAR

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  alerted his companions. He spoke to them words of encouragement. He promised them the victory if only they would have patience, be mindful of Allah and obey orders.

Then, he held a council of war, at which many opinions were expressed as to what would be the best plan of action.

ANS5:

             The Muslim force consisted of about 3000 men; practically all the people of Madinah, with the exception of the Jewish tribe of bani Qurayzah, who lived on the outskirts of Madinah.

ANS6:

Salman al-Farisi said; “0 Allah’s Messenger in Persia when we feared an attack of
horses, we would dig a deep trench around the town, so let us dig a trench about us now.” And Allah’s Messenger agreed to this plan.

ANS7:

Salman the Persian (Arabic: سلمان الفارسي) (Salman al-Farsi), born Rōzbeh (Persian: روزبه) Salman was born either in the city of Kazerun in Pars Province, or Isfahan in Isfahan ProvincePersia, was one of the most loyal companions of Prophet  صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  Muhammad. In addition, Salman was the first Persian convert to Islam. During some of his later meetings with the otherSahabah, he was referred to as Abu Abdullah (“Father of Abdullah”). According to some traditions, he was appointed as the governor of Mada’in in Iraq. According to popular Islamic tradition, Muhammad considered Salman as part of his household (Ahl al-Bayt).

ANS8:

The work was started. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  set out on horseback along with some of his companions on a tour of inspection. He selected the spot where the Muslims army should camp and wherever Madinah lay open to cavalry attack, a trench was begun to be dug. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  made each section of his companions responsible for a part (ten lengths of the forearm of the trench) and he himself worked with them. The Muslims worked very hard. They went at dawn everyday after the Fajr prayer and came home at twilight.

ANS9:

Despite the hardness of the work there was merriment and sometimes a feast.

One day Allah’s Messenger saw a girl enter the camp with something in her garment and he called her to him. She was the niece of Abdullah ibn Rawahah (رضی اللہ عنہ) . In her own words: “I was taking the dates to my father and my uncle, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  told me to give them to him.

So I poured them into his hands, but they did not fill them. He called for a garment; which was laid out for him and he threw the dates upon it. They were scattered over its surface. Then he told the men to invite the diggers for lunch, and when they came the diggers began to eat and the dates went on increasing and they were still overflowing from the ends of the garment, when the men turned away from them.” It was the miracle of the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  by Allah’s leave.

ANS10:

Once Jabir saw that a stone had been tied to the Prophet علیہ وسلم صلی اللہ تعالٰی ‘s belly. That evening he went home and asked his wife if she could cook a meal for the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  . “We have nothing but this ewe, and a measure of barley.” So Jabir
sacrificed the ewe and she grounEl the barley and made some bread. Jabir went to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم   and invited him to the meal of mutton and barley bread. Allah’s Messenger asked; “How much is the food?” Jabir told him about it. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  said “It is plenty and nice.” The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم invited all the diggers unto the house of J abir for a meal.

Jabir went on ahead to warn his wife. When the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم arrived, the meal was placed in front of him and he blessed it and uttered the Name of Allah over it and began to eat. He cut the bread and put the cooked meat over it. He would give food to his companions and take the meat out of the pot. So it went on until all the workers at the trench had satisfied their hunger and still there remained some mutton and some bread.

ANS11:

Salman al-Farisi says: ‘I was working with a pick-axe in the trench when a rock gave me much trouble. Allah’s Messenger who was near at hand saw me hacking and saw how difficult the place was. He took the pickaxe from me and gave the rock a blow at which a flare of lightning flashed beneath the pickaxe. He gave it another blow and again there was a flash. The
third blow shattered the rock into pieces, and this time also the lightning showed beneath the pick. I said: “0 Allah’s Messenger, what is the meaning of this flash beneath your pick as you strike?”The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  answered; “Did you see them, Salman?

By the light of the first, I saw the castles of al-Yernen;

by the light of the second, I saw the castles of Syria;

by the light of the third, I saw the white palace of Kisra at Mada’in.”

Later on all t-hese prophecies proved true. Allah opened unto the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ وسلمthe Yemen; Syria and the west; and the east.

L: 22 Prophet  Muhammad (صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم ) part-IV

ACTIVITY: A) CHECK-UP:

ANS1:

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  decides to perform al Umrah:

Towards the end of the sixth year of the Hijrah (628 AD) Allah’s Messenger decided to perform, accompanied by his companions, the Lesser Pilgrimage (al-Umrah) to Makkah. Between them, the companions purchased seventy camels to be sacrificed for the pious visit.

ANS2:

The Prophet ‘s صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم party which set out for Makkah consisted of about 1400 men. All of them had donned the Ihram – the traditional pilgrim’s dress of two pieces of unstitched cloth. Apart from their swords in sheaths they were all un-armed.

ANS3:

The Muslims donned the Ihram because they had no intention of war. That’s why Apart from their swords in they were unarmed almost.

ANS4:

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  ‘s party which set out for Makkah consisted of about 1400 men. All of them had donned the Ihram – the traditional pilgrim’s dress of two pieces of unstitched cloth. Apart from their swords in sheaths they were all un-armed.

ANS5:

               The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  had chosen his favourite camel, Qaswa’, for the pilgrimage. When they reached the path that leads down to the plain of al-Hudaybiyah, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  ‘s camel stopped and knelt.
Many of the men tried to make her rise but she remained as if rooted to the earth. “Qaswa is not stubborn by nature; but He holds her Who held the elephant.”.

ANS6:

         The men were complaining of thirst. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  took an arrow from his quiver and asked one of his companions to throw it into the waters of the hollow. The man did as he was bidden, and water surged up quickly and plentifully. The pilgrims

ANS7:

After some preliminary discussions, conducted by various envoys of both the parties, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  sent Uthman bin Affan رضی اللہ عنہ as his envoy to discuss matters with the Makkans.

ANS8:

When the Muslims went to make rounds of the House, the Quresh invited Uthman personally to perform his Tawaf,
Uthman replied; “I make not my rounds of the House until Allah’s Messenger makes his.”

  1. b) Further Questions:
ANS1:

BaY’at-ar-Ridwan; (The pledge of Good Pleasure) :

Uthman was late in returning. A rumour got about that he had been murdered: The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم assembled his companions and, sitting under a wild acacia tree, took a pledge from each one of his followers that they would remain steadfast and
fight to the death. The Pledge is known as the Bay’at-ar-Ridwan (The Pledge of Good Pleasure). The enthusiasm was great. One by one the companions came and pledged allegiance to him.

Then the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  said; “I pledge the allegiance of Uthman,” whereupon he put out his left hand, as the hand of Uthman, and grasping it with his right hand, pledged the pact.

ANS2:

A treaty was drawn up on the following terms:

i)             There would be peace for ten years. During this period, Muslims could go to Makkah and the Quraysh could go to Syria through the Muslim areas.

ii)       There would be one-sided extradition the Makkans taking refuge with the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  would be handed over on demand to the Quraysh, but Muslims taking

refuge in Makkah would not be returned to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم

iii) The Muslim would depart from Makkah this year. They would be free to perform al-Umrah the next year and remain there in Makkah for three days only.

iv)     Any tribe wishing to sign an agreement with either the Muslims or the Ouraysh would be able to do so, This is known as the Hudaybiyah Agreement.

ANS3:

“Be patient, Abu Jandal,” said the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  “Allah will give you and those with you relief and a way out. We have agreed of the terms of a treaty with these. people, and we will not now break our word.”

ANS4:

At this point Umar could no longer contain himself. He went to Allah’s Messenger and said: “Are you not Allah’s Messenger?” and he answered “Yes”. “Are we not in the right and
our enemies in the wrong?” Umar said. Again the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم assented. “Then why should we agree to what is against the honour of our religion?” said Umar,

ANS5:

Allah’s Messenger replied: “I am Allah’s Messenger and I will not disobey Him. He will give me the victory.” “But did you not tell us”, persisted Umar, “that we should go unto Allah’s House and make our Tawaf about it?” “But did I tell you that we should go to it this year?” said the Prophet علیہ السلام صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  . Umar said that he had not.

ANS6:

   Feelings had not yet subsided when the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  said; “Rise and sacrifice your animals and shave your heads.” It was a hard time for the Muslims. Not a soul moved, and the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  repeated it second and the third time. They simply, broken at heart, gazed at him in bewildered silence..

ANS7:

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  then withdrew to his tent and told his wife Umm Salamah what had happened. She advised the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  to say no word to any man until he had performed his sacrifice.

ANS8:

           During the Prophet علیہ السلام صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  ‘s return march from Hudaybiyah to Madinah, a Surah Surat Al-Fatĥ (The Victory) –  سورة الفتحdescended upon the Prophet علیہ السلام صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  .

L: 30 WOMEN IN ISLAM       P:121

ACTIVITY:    A) CHECK-UP:

ANS1:

GREAT BRITAIN

In the 21st century women have the same rights as men, as numerous changes came in the 19th and 20th centuries; for example, for women the right to equal pay is enshrined in law. Women ran the household, bore the children, were nurses, mothers, wives, neighbours, friends and teachers. During periods of war, women were drafted into the labor market to undertake work that had been traditionally restricted to men. Following the wars, they invariably lost their jobs in industry and had to return to domestic and service roles.

The history of Scottish women in the late 19th century and early 20th century did not really develop as a field until the 1980s. In addition, most work on women before 1700 has been published since 1980. Several recent studies have taken a biographical approach, but other work has drawn on the insights from research elsewhere to examine such issues as work, family, religion, crime, and images of women. Scholars are also uncovering women’s voices in their letters, memoirs, poetry, and court records. Because of the late development of the field, much recent work has been recuperative, but increasingly the insights of gender history, both in other countries and in Scottish history after 1700, are being used to frame the Quetions that are asked. Future work should contribute both to a reinterpretation of the current narratives of Scottish history and also to a deepening of the complexity of the history of women in late medieval and early modern Britain and Europe.

FRANCE

French historians have taken a unique approach: there has been extensive scholarship in women’s and gender history despite the lack of women’s and gender study programs or departments at the university level. The high level of research and publication in women’s and gender history is due to the high interest within French society. The structural discrimination in academia against the subject of gender history in France is changing due to the increase in international studies, due to the formation of the European Union, and more French scholars seeking appointments outside Europe.

ANS2:

WOMAN IN ARABIA BEFORE ISLAM :

The lot of women was extremely deplorable in Pre-islamic Arabia.
The right of inheritence was denied to them. It was customary for the eldest son to take as wives his father’s widows, together with other property. Womin was discriminated against even in matter of food, men reserving certain dishes for themselves. Girl children were burried alive at birth. They had been regarded as an economic burden. One out of every ten fathers was guilty of it. Several incidents of this nature were narrated sorrowfully by the companions of the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  after they had embraced Islam.

ANS3:

THE QUR’AN DEFINES WOMAN’S ROLE:

The Qur’an gave protection to women. It forbade the bedouin custom of killing unwanted infant girls. It gave. women a share in family inheritance in the seventh century. European womenhad to wait until the nineteenth century before they gained legal rights
over their own property.

ANS4:

It is idle to debate: who is superior; man or woman? In Fact woman is not ·the same as man, she is different. Islam has given men and women different roles in life. Science also agrees that there are several physical differences between men and women. A woman is
biologically different from man because the two sexes have different roles to play in society.

“The Q of equality or inequality of men and woman raised in this context is simply irrelevant. Different roles or functions do not mean difference in basic status as human beings, rose and jasmine, daffodil and tulip are different, but to say that they are unequal is
simply confusing the issue. Engineers, doctors, poets and artists play different roles in society, but the Question of their ‘inequality’ is not raised. Different roles do not mean that some are superior and other inferior.” (Prof. Khurshid Ahmed)

ANS5:

               Woman’s place has traditionally been home. The responsibility for the maintenance of the family in a Muslim society is the man’s. It is his duty. The wife herself is responsible for the care of her home. It is her job to make the life of her family sweet and joyful.

ANS6:

           A divorced woman could keep her dower, she was entitled to support from her husband and also could marry again. It was quite possible for, an unhappy wife to get a divorce
from her husband. Such a dissolution of marriage at the wife’s instance is called Khul. It is recorded in Hadith that the wife of Thabit ibn Qays رضی اللہ عنہ Jamilah رضی اللہ عنہا came to Allah’s Messenger and demanded’ a divorce from her husband on the ground that in spite of his fine character and behaviour, she, disliked him as she would dislike falling into unbelief after having accepted islam.

Thereupon Allah’s Messenger commanded that she would return to Thabit the garden which he had given her as her Mahr (dower) at the time of her wedding, and ordered that the marriage should be dissolved.

ANS7:

MARRIAGE:

Islam considers happy family life as a foundation of a healthy ‘society. The Qur’an encourages Muslims to marry. It also stresses that sexual relationships outside marriage are sinful.

This is why when a girl reaches the age of marriage, it is usual for a Muslim parent to find a suitable husband for her, but she has to be consulted. The bride-to-be has the right to refuse the person chosen for her and the marriage cannot go ahead if she does not agree. It isreported that once a girl came to the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم and complained saying that she had been married without being consulted. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  decreed that she was free to have her marriage dissolved if she desired. But in practice, most young Muslim men and women usually trust their parents to make a good choice for them.

ANS8:

No, a Muslim girl cannot be married off without her consent.

ANS9:

MAHR:

When a Muslim woman is married Islam requires the bridegroom to give her a dowry ‘” Mahr, which may ~e of any agreed value. It is a gift from the bridegroom to the bnde and becomes entirel hers. However, the amount of the marriage portion or Mahr which the bridegroom has to give to the bride has not been fixed’ by th Law. It entirely depends on the agreement of the two parties may consist of anything. According to a Hadith, even an iron rin
may be enough if the bride is willing to accept it. Once when a man approached the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم saying that he could ne even afford to give an iron ring, he was told to teach the Holy Qur’an to his wife. The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  gave varying sums to his wives fo Mahr. The Mahr of his daughter Fatimah رضی اللہ عنہا was fou hundred dirhams. But today very high and extravagant sums ar often specified as Mahr.

Unfortunately, in some countries, the father is forced to give enormous sum of money and furniture as ‘dowry’ to his daughter. All such practices are foreign to Islam an must be discarded.

ANS10:

The Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  repeatedly urged Muslim men to treat their women fol with kindness and respect. Allah’s Messenger is reported to have saic ‘The best among you is the one who is the best towards his wives. Th most perfect amongst believers in faith is he who is best in manne and kindest to his wife.’

Allah’s Messenger intensely disliked the idea of beating one’s wife, and said on more than one occasions, “Coul anyone beat his wife as he would beat his slave, arid spend th evening with her?” In his sermon on the occasion of the Fare we Pilgrimage shortly before his death, the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  laid special emphasis on kindness to women.

ANS 11:

DIVORCE:

Islam is a practical religion. It permits divorce but the Prophet صلی اللہ تعالٰی علیہ و آلہ و سلم  said that “in the sight of Allah, the most hateful of all things allowed is divorce.”

Islam considers divorce as the last resort. Before Muslim couples get to the point of divorce, they are encouraged to make every effort to save the marriage. If these efforts fail, divorce can take place. After the divorce, the divorced wife has the right to live in the family home for three months is she wishes.

During this time her ex-husband has to support her. Once the divorce has become final she gets no alimony payments. She becomes once again the responsibility of her male relatives. Islam puts the right of divorce in the hand of the husband and in the hand of the judge when it is the wife who requests the divorce. You will learn about this in detail later.

 

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